• Book : 62(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-16
• Keyword :

Abstract

In previous work (Kohno and Myra 2023 Comput. Phys. Commun.291 108841), we developed a numerical scheme based on a two-dimensional microscale radio-frequency (RF) sheath model with periodically curved wall boundaries. Here, we expand the capability of this scheme through modification of the boundary conditions (BCs) on the conducting walls, which allows the ion flow to turn back to the plasma at locations on the walls where the electromagnetic force on the ions is reversed from its usual direction. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the dependences of the surface-integrated admittances on the wall bump height, ion magnetization, ion mobility, and the magnetic field angle, and to visualize the sheath structures in several cases. One of the main results is the ion cyclotron admittance resonance observed under the condition of low ion mobility (high normalized frequency). It is shown that the amplitude of the resonance peak depends on the wall bump height and the ion velocity is reversed on the sides of the bump in an RF cycle for the resonance cases. Furthermore, the differences in the admittances between the one- and two-dimensional microscale models are assessed for the purpose of understanding non-locality of the sheath near the wall surface for the parameters considered in this study. This information will be essential for improving the sheath BC for macroscale calculations in the future.

• Book : 65(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.026012
• Keyword :

Objectives

Despite rapid expansion of treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and the importance of symptom management for enhancing quality of life, few studies have focused on men’s experiences of symptom burden over time when receiving one or more lines of treatment in a real-world situation in this phase. The aim was to investigate changes in the multidimensional symptom burden during the first year of life-prolonging treatment of mCRPC.

Methods

Longitudinal data from the first year of life-prolonging treatment for 134 men with mCRPC were used. Symptoms were measured with the multidimensional Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. Data are presented with descriptive statistics, and changes in symptom burden (physical, psychological and number of symptoms) were analysed using linear mixed modelling.

Results

On average, the men had approximately 10 (0–31) symptoms at inclusion and 12 (0–33) at the last time point. Lack of energy and sweats were the two most reported symptoms at every time point. Sexual problems had the highest scores in all dimensions (frequency, severity, distress). Regarding pain, the distress score was higher than the scores for frequency and severity at t1–t4. Physical symptom burden and the number of symptoms changed significantly over time, towards a higher symptom burden. Psychological symptom burden did not change significantly over time.

Conclusion

The different dimensions of physical symptoms in men treated for mCRPC need to be more acknowledged. Early integration of a palliative care approach could possibly help in enhancing symptom management and quality of life for these men.

• Book : 15(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.87-95
• Keyword :

• Book : 42()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.102550
• Keyword :

• Book : 22()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.100181
• Keyword :

• Book : 36(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1
• Keyword :

• Book : 1055()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.123008
• Keyword :

Abstract

The fundamental scientific and engineering knowledge concerning the solar power curve, which maps solar irradiance and other auxiliary meteorological variables to photovoltaic output power, has been gathered and put forward in the preceding tutorial review. Despite the many pages of that review, it was incomplete in the sense that it did not elaborate on the applications of this very important tool of solar energy meteorology. Indeed, solar power curves are ubiquitously needed in a broad spectrum of solar forecasting and solar resource assessment tasks. Hence, this tutorial review should continue from where it left off and present examples concerning the usage of solar power curves. In a nutshell, this tutorial review, together with the preceding one, should elucidate how surface shortwave radiation data, be they ground-based, satellite-retrieved, or model-output, are bridged to various power system operations via solar power curves.

• Book : 42(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.269-296
• Keyword :

Abstract

The dependence of the final fate of supermassive star (SMS) cores on their mass and angular momentum is studied with simple modeling. SMS cores in the hydrogen-burning phase encounter the general-relativistic instability during stellar evolution if the mass is larger than ∼3 × 10⁴M⊙. Spherical SMS cores in the helium-burning phase encounter the general-relativistic instability prior to the onset of the electron-positron pair instability if the mass is larger than ∼1 × 10⁴M⊙. For rapidly rotating SMS cores, these values for the threshold mass are enhanced by up to a factor of ∼5, and thus, for SMSs with mass smaller than ∼10⁴M⊙, the collapse is triggered by the pair instability, irrespective of the rotation. After the onset of the general-relativistic instability, SMS cores in the hydrogen-burning phase with reasonable metallicity are likely to collapse to a black hole irrespective of the degree of rotation, whereas SMS cores in the helium-burning phase could explode via nuclear burning with no black hole formation, as previous works demonstrate.

• Book : 978(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.58
• Keyword :

• Book : 605()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.155597
• Keyword :