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2025
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant global health concern, leading to substantial mortality and long-term disability. The intricate pathophysiology of TBI involves primary mechanical damage followed by a cascade of secondary injury events, including neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in orchestrating the inflammatory response post-TBI and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. This preclinical study aimed to investigate the efficacy of NeuroAid™ (MLC601), a traditional herbal medicine, in modulating NF-κB expression and improving outcomes in a rat model of TBI.
Methods: This study employed a true experimental in vivo design with a post-test only control group. Male Wistar rats (n=18) were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (n=9) subjected to TBI via a weight-drop method, and an experimental group (n=9) subjected to the same TBI procedure followed by intraperitoneal administration of NeuroAid™ (MLC601) at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight at 5 minutes, 8 hours, and 16 hours post-injury. NF-κB expression in brain tissue samples collected 1 hour after the final dose was assessed using immunohistochemistry and quantified by an immunoreactivity score considering both the intensity and percentage of NF-κB expression.
Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of NF-κB expression in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons in both the control and experimental groups. While the experimental group treated with NeuroAid™ (MLC601) exhibited a lower average immunoreactivity score (0.93) compared to the control group (1.29), the difference in NF-κB expression between the two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.122).
Conclusion: In this preclinical study using a Wistar rat model of TBI, the administration of NeuroAid™ (MLC601) did not result in a statistically significant reduction in NF-κB expression compared to the untreated control group. Although a trend towards lower NF-κB expression was observed in the NeuroAid™-treated group, further research with larger sample sizes, different dosages, and extended treatment durations is warranted to fully elucidate the potential therapeutic effects of NeuroAid™ (MLC601) in the management of traumatic brain injury.- Book : 9(6)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.7728-7740
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2025
In this study, a particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was used in a large circulating water tank to investigate the wake of a horizontal-axis tidal turbine model, focusing on minor blockage effects and scale influence. A wake map of the turbine was constructed based on PIV measurements, using velocity deficit, turbulence intensity (TI), and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) as key indicators. The results showed that TKE developed later than TI, forming a plateau-like shape. This plateau was considered the decay region, with the transition and far-wake regions located before and after it, respectively. Additionally, the power law exponent of TI decreased from −0.731 in the decay region to −0.765 in the far wake, indicating a steeper decay further downstream. Overall, the wake map of the tidal stream turbine model exhibited similarities to that of a previously reported wind turbine model.- Book : 18(7)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.1870-1870
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2025
Abstract
Comets and asteroids have long captured human curiosity, and until recently, all documented examples belonged to our Solar System. That changed with the discovery of the first known interstellar object, 1I/2017 U1 (‘Oumuamua), in 2017. Two years later, on August 30, 2019, Gennady Borisov discovered a second interstellar object, 2019 Q4, which was officially designated 2I/Borisov. From its initial images, the object’s diffuse appearance hinted at its cometary nature. To better understand the photometric evolution of comet 2I/Borisov as it traveled through the inner Solar System, we compiled observations using medium-sized telescopes. This data is crucial for gaining insights into its size and composition, as well as how such objects, after millions of years in interstellar space, behave when exposed to the Sun’s radiation. Given that 2I/Borisov is the first interstellar comet ever observed, constraining its behavior is of great scientific interest. In this paper, we present photometric data gathered from observatories in Crimea and Catalonia, highlighting the importance of systematic photometric studies of interstellar objects using meter-class telescopes. Our observations showed a steady increase in the comet’s brightness as it approached perihelion, likely due to the slow sublimation of ices. Over the five-month pre-perihelion observation period, we did not detect any significant changes in magnitude. The analysis of observations reveals a steady increase in comet 2I/Borisov brightness as it approached perihelion, likely due to the sublimation of ices, with no observable outbursts during the five-month pre-perihelion period. Additionally, we discuss the challenges in ground-based observation of comets posed by light pollution today, particularly in urban areas, where visual observations are severely limited. Using sample surface brightness measurements, we demonstrate the impact of light pollution and outline the importance of systematic photometric studies for interstellar objects.- Book : 370(4)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
For the traditional physical model of the quantum quartic anharmonic oscillator with the Hamiltonian H = ½(p2 + x2) + λx4, which plays a significant role in quantum field theory, elementary particle physics, and nuclear physics, its physical characteristics and properties are comprehensively studied and calculated. The method we propose for studying the model, based on expanding the system's wave function in a complete set of harmonic oscillator eigenfunctions, facilitates a thorough analysis and evaluation of all parameters and features of the corresponding quantum systems. This model is also widely used for studying molecular vibrations, phonon modes in solids, nonlinear optical phenomena, and more. We have calculated and constructed the wave functions of the anharmonic oscillator for various values of the oscillator coupling constant λ. Furthermore, an improved and modified expansion method, using a generalized optimizing oscillator basis with variable frequency, has also been proposed and studied in detail. This improved method drastically accelerates the convergence of expansions across the entire range of the coupling constant variation, thereby substantially increasing the efficiency of the applied method by allowing calculations with a very small number of expansion basis functions N ≲ 10. Consequently, this modified approach provides a practically complete, quite simple, and efficient solution to the problem of the quartic anharmonic oscillator, enabling the relatively easy computation of all its physical properties, including the energies of the ground and excited states, as well as the wave functions of these states, for any values of the coupling constant.- Book : 26(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.5-24
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2025
Mathematical modeling plays a crucial role in the advancement of cancer treatments, offering a sophisticated framework for analyzing and optimizing therapeutic strategies. This approach employs mathematical and computational techniques to simulate diverse aspects of cancer therapy, including the effectiveness of various treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. By incorporating factors such as drug pharmacokinetics, tumor biology, and patient-specific characteristics, these models facilitate predictions of treatment responses and outcomes. Furthermore, mathematical models elucidate the mechanisms behind cancer treatment resistance, including genetic mutations and microenvironmental changes, thereby guiding researchers in designing strategies to mitigate or overcome resistance. The application of optimization techniques allows for the development of personalized treatment regimens that maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, taking into account patient-related variables such as tumor size and genetic profiles. This study elaborates on the key applications of mathematical modeling in oncology, encompassing the simulation of various cancer treatment modalities, the elucidation of resistance mechanisms, and the optimization of personalized treatment regimens. By integrating mathematical insights with experimental data and clinical observations, mathematical modeling emerges as a powerful tool in oncology, contributing to the development of more effective and personalized cancer therapies that improve patient outcomes.- Book : 5(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.40-40
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2025
The radiation chemistry and physics of solid N2O have been increasingly studied due to its potential presence on the surfaces of cold, outer Solar System bodies. However, to date, no study has investigated systematically the influence of temperature on this chemistry and physics. In this present study, crystalline N2O ices were irradiated using 2 keV electrons at five different temperatures in the 20–60 K range and the radiolytic dissociation of the molecular solid (as well as the radiolytic formation of seven product molecules) was quantified through the G-value. Our results indicate that temperature does indeed play a role in the radiolytic destruction of crystalline N2O, with higher temperatures being associated with higher destruction G-values. The formation G-values of NO, NO2, N2O2, N2O3, N2O4, N2O5, and O3 were also noted to vary with temperature, with each product molecule exhibiting a distinct trend. The applications of our experimental results to further understanding solid-phase radiation chemistry in the outer Solar System are discussed.- Book : 51(4)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.412-425
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2025
Abstract
Workers involved in mining and processing naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) are potentially exposed to dust containing alpha particle emitters. The objective of this study is to summarize the key impacts of the latest International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) biokinetic model for thorium ore dust intake and to identify model parameters that require further investigation. The dosimetric significance of thorium ore dust exposure has varied widely over time owing to progressive changes in the inhalation dose coefficients. These changes had a significant influence on radiation protection practices in the Western Australian mineral sand industry, including research initiatives and implementation of control measures. Estimated doses to workers exposed to NORM dust have increased because of the most recent ICRP recommendations. Consequently, we highlight the need for future research, especially in relation to appropriate model input parameters specific to the NORM exposure situation and potential studies investigating the health status of past long-term workers.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Abstract
Anisakis pegreffii and A. simplex (s.s.) are the two zoonotic anisakids infecting cetaceans as well as pelagic/demersal fish and squids. In European waters, A. pegreffii prevails in the Mediterranean Sea, while A. simplex (s.s.) in the NE Atlantic Ocean. Abiotic conditions likely play a significant role in shaping their geographical distribution. The Iberian Atlantic and Alboran Sea waters are sympatric areas of the two species. A total of 429 adults and L3 stage from both sympatric and allopatric areas were studied by a wide nuclear genotyping approach (including newly and previously found diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at nuclear DNA (nDNA) and microsatellite DNA loci) and sequenced at mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cox2. Admixture between the two species was detected in the sympatric areas studied by STRUCTURE Bayesian analysis; NEWHYBRIDS revealed different categories of hybridization between the two species, representing approximately 5%. A tendency for F1 female hybrids to interbreed with the parental species at the geographical distribution limits of both species was observed. This finding suggests that hybridization occurs when the two parental species significantly differ in abundance. Mitochondrial introgression of A. simplex (s.s.) in A. pegreffii from Mediterranean waters was also detected, likely as a result of past and/or paleo-introgression events. The high level of genetic differentiation between the two species and their backcrosses indicates that, despite current hybridization, reproductive isolation which maintains evolutionary boundaries between the two species, exists. Possible causes of hybridization phenomena are attempted, as well as their evolutionary and ecological implications, also considering a sea warming scenario in European waters.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.1-21
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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