In-situ radiation monitoring is important in evaluating nuclear incidents, facilitating the prevention and management of accidents. Conventional in-situ detectors comprise a single detection module. However, the limited geometric adaptability of single-detector systems renders the surveillance of contaminated regions at inaccessible sites or with unconventional shapes challenging. Moreover, the narrow detection area of the conventional detectors necessitates repeated measurements to encompass accident sites comprehensively. This study introduces a transformable in-situ gamma monitoring (TRIGAM) system for 1D and 2D scanning and high-resolution imaging. The TRIGAM system incorporates eight detectors, each linked to an extendable and rotatable arm, enabling the modification of the system's shape through adjustments in the distance and angles between detectors to suit specific user applications. Compared to single-detector systems, the TRIGAM system enables faster monitoring over large areas and enhanced sensitivity at sites with unconventional geometries by adjusting geometric configuration. Moreover, TRIGAM enables 2D imaging with 5.72 degrees image resolution using Compton camera technique imaging. For source localization in 3D imaging, 8 % and 12 % position error was observed with a source distance of 1 m and 5 m when using 3D imaging and triangulation technique, respectively. In summary, the TRIGAM offers a highly adaptable solution for in-situ radiation monitoring.

• Book : 57(6)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

• Book : 111(11)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Objectives/Goals: Radiation nephropathy results in morbidity and mortality in patients receiving cancer treatment. In addition, low birth weight and low nephron number are associated with increased risk for chronic kidney disease. This study examined the development and severity of radiation-induced renal hemodynamic dysfunction in a low renal mass mouse model. Methods/Study Population: Male mice (C57Bl/6, 8–12-weeks) were used to determine a suitable radiation dose regimen. Mice were subjected to fractionated bilateral kidney irradiation with 5–6 fractions of an X-ray dose of 0, 6, 8, and 10 Gy at 24-hr intervals using a CT-image-guided irradiator. Body weight and mortality were monitored for 5 weeks in mice. In a separate set of experiments, the low renal mouse model, ROP Os/+, and their normal counterpart, ROP +/+ mice were subjected to 5 fractionated bilateral kidney irradiations at 24-hr intervals with an X-ray dose of 6 Gy. Renal blood flow was assessed from renal artery resistive index (RRI) over 5 weeks post-irradiation using an ultrasound system. Transcutaneous measurement of FITC-sinistrin clearance was used to determine glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Results/Anticipated Results: The C57Bl/6 mice that received 5–6 fractions of 8 and 10 Gy had more than 50% mortality, while 100% of the mice exposed to 5 fractions of 6 Gy survived for 5 weeks. Body weight was also significantly decreased in mice exposed to 5 or 6 fractions of 8 or 10 but not 6 Gy radiation. Nonirradiated C57Bl/6, ROP +/+, and ROP Os/+ mice had similar baseline GFR and RRI. Irradiation of 5 fractions at 6 Gy decreased GFR and increased RRI in C57Bl/6 and ROP +/+ mice. Interestingly, following 5 fractions at 6 Gy irradiation ROP Os/+ mice had 25% lower GFR than wild-type ROP +/+ mice (946.3 ± 50.3 vs. 1232.9 ± 69.3 µL/min/100g BW, p Discussion/Significance of Impact: Our study determined a suitable fractionated bilateral kidney irradiation dose regimen to evaluate radiation nephropathy. Data demonstrated that fractionated bilateral kidney irradiation leads to decreased renal hemodynamics in mice. We also demonstrated that irradiation caused greater renal hemodynamic dysfunction in low renal mass mice.

• Book : 9(s1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.174-174
• Keyword :

Objectives/Goals: Our study’s objective is to evaluate RadOnc-GPT, a GPT-4o powered LLM, in generating responses to in-basket messages related to prostate cancer treatment in the Radiation Oncology department. By integrating it with electronic health record (EHR) systems, the goal is to assess its impact on clinician workload, response quality, and efficiency in healthcare communication. Methods/Study Population: RadOnc-GPT was integrated with patient EHRs from both hospital-wide and radiation-oncology-specific databases. The study examined 158 pre-recorded in-basket message interactions from 90 non-metastatic prostate cancer patients. Quantitative natural language processing analysis and two randomized single-blinded grading studies, involving four clinicians and four nurses, were conducted to evaluate RadOnc-GPT’s response quality in completeness, correctness, clarity, empathy, and estimated editing time. Response times were measured to estimate the time saved for clinicians and nurses. The study population included patient messages across all phases of care (pre-, during, and post-treatment) for those undergoing radiotherapy. Results/Anticipated Results: In the single-blinded grader study, clinician graders evaluated 316 responses (158 from human care teams and 158 from RadOnc-GPT). Results showed RadOnc-GPT outperformed human responses in empathy and clarity, while humans excelled in completeness and correctness. Sentiment analyses using TextBlob and VADER revealed RadOnc-GPT responses had a positive mean score of 0.25, whereas human responses clustered around neutral. VADER analysis indicated a high median score for RadOnc-GPT, nearing 1.0, reflecting predominantly positive sentiment, while human responses displayed a broader sentiment range, indicating sensitivity to context. Clinicians averaged 3.60 minutes (SD 1.44) to respond, compared to 6.39 minutes (SD 4.05) for nurses, highlighting RadOnc-GPT’s efficiency in generating timely responses. Discussion/Significance of Impact: RadOnc-GPT effectively generated responses to individualized patient in-basket messages, comparable to those from radiation oncologists and nurses. While human oversight is still necessary to avoid errors, RadOnc-GPT can speed up response times and reduce pressure on care teams, shifting their role from drafting to reviewing responses.

• Book : 9(s1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.68-68
• Keyword :

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and progressive joint destruction. Recent data underscore oxidative stress as a primary factor in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis, intensifying inflammatory processes and tissue damage via the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and compromised antioxidant defenses. Current therapies, including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), primarily target immune dysregulation but fail to address oxidative stress, necessitating novel adjunctive treatment strategies. This review explores the potential of antioxidant-based therapies as complementary approaches to RA management. Natural compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, sulforaphane, and propolis exhibit strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties by modulating redox-sensitive pathways, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase (HO-1). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) replenishes intracellular glutathione, enhancing cellular resilience against oxidative stress. Additionally, molecular hydrogen (H2) selectively neutralizes harmful ROS, reducing oxidative damage and inflammation. The role of vitamin supplementation (D, B12, C, and K) in regulating immune responses and protecting joint structures is also discussed. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and potential clinical applications of antioxidant therapies in RA, emphasizing their role in mitigating oxidative damage and improving treatment outcomes. While preliminary findings are promising, further clinical trials are needed to establish standardized dosing, long-term safety, and their integration into current RA treatment protocols.

• Book : 26(7)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.2873-2873
• Keyword :

Nuclear waste, a result of nuclear energy production, is of great importance because it requires long-term and safe management solutions. The aim of this study is to immobilize radioactive waste in a ceramic matrix to prevent the spread of radioactive waste to the environment during storage in underground storage areas.Ceramic matrices with high chemical resistance, low leaching rate and low cost, which meet the basic expectations for the immobilization of Cs, one of the important fission products, were developed in a ceramic matrix consisting of natural minerals. For this purpose, natural analog minerals, zeolite and bentonite, were preferred as the main matrix in ceramics for the immobilization and permanent storage of cesium waste due to their adaptability to the geological formation of radioactive waste storages. How the phases are formed after the sintering process in waste immobilized ceramics and how cesium is incorporated into the structure of two different mineral types were investigated. The chemical durability of waste immobilized ceramics produced using chemically stable cesium salts was tested. Structural analyses of the prepared ceramics were also performed.Considering the results, it was determined that ceramic structures prepared using minerals are suitable for use in the immobilization of radioactive waste.

• Book : 57(5)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-42
• Keyword :

This article is written as a continuation of the previous issues by the theme “Focal zone model”. Work carried out in a frame of investigation directed to elaboration of automated determination of the core events depth. As a base tool, a modified algorithm of location was used, supplemented with the simplex method of minimization. Early studies showed that the method built on the basis of an over determined mathematical task solution, that determined a point, doesn’t take into account the main aspect – the effect bias to the environment determined by volume and distribution of movements inside the focal zone. Criteria of received solution is minimum of Root Mean Square residuals (RMS). In solution of the formulated task depth phases pP were used. The detailed investigation showed that it is possible to consider that radiation from source of P waves is a continuation on initial stage of a source activity. The same can be said for pP phases registration. This give us the ability to construct an algorithm using the maximum of the seismic energy radiation as a criterion of the final solutions.

• Book : 7(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.58-73
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• Book : 185()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.105698-105698
• Keyword :

Abstract The radiation dosimetry used to measure the ionizing radiation dose delivered during X-ray imaging procedures in planar radiography units, especially in fluoroscopy, is the dose-area product (DAP). DAP is used as the primary parameter for recording diagnostic reference levels, which are guidance values for optimizing patient radiation dose. DAP is reported by the system’s DAP meter, which needs to be calibrated appropriately. This study evaluates the influence of dosimeters and field markers on the accuracy of DAP levels in the DAP meter in situ calibration method. The aim of this study is to recommend a combination of dosimeter types and field markers with the highest accuracy for the beam-area method. Two methods of DAP meter in situ calibration were compared: the tandem method with a reference DAP meter as the reference DAP value and the beam-area method using ion chamber dosimeters, solid-state dosimeters, as well as field markers from digital radiography (DR) and computed radiography. This method was applied to the DAP meter in the Allura XPER FD 20 angiography (Philips, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) unit. The results showed that the combination of ion chamber dosimeter and DR field markers at a distance of 55 cm produced the most accurate DAP values (lowest root mean square error value, 0.10). The recommended calibration method can be used to confirm the actual DAP value in X-ray imaging in a planar radiography unit.

• Book : 50(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.167-172
• Keyword :

According to the ALARA principle, workers in radiation field must use dosimeters at working sites to ensure that annual effective dose does not exceed 50 mSv. However, traditional dosimeters assess radiation levels only after post-processing, which lack a real-time monitoring system. To overcome this limitation, a real-time path-based 3D exposure dose mapping system was developed by integrating a survey-meter and a 3D scanner using the SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithm. This advanced system allows simultaneous spatial scanning and dose measurement, enabling free movement in complex indoor/outdoor environments. As workers navigate the area, the system generates a point cloud dataset (PCD) of the environment, recording that coordinates and measured dose rates. This dataset is visually presented in real-time, following the worker's path in 3D space. Additionally, a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model was created to produce a 3D dose rate distribution map. By using the path coordinates as input and corresponding doses as output, the model predicts dose rate throughout the entire PCD. These predictions were used to create a 3D map, with color and brightness adjusted based on dose rates. The system was implemented with LiDAR and a Geiger-M & uuml;ller detector, then successfully tested in preliminary experiments.

• Book : 57(6)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :