Although the liver has a remarkable regenerative capacity, sepsis-associated liver injury (SLI) is a complication often seen in intensive care units. Due to its role in immune and inflammatory regulation, the liver is particularly vulnerable during severe infections. Understanding the global prevalence, causes, and management of SLI is essential to improve outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. This paper aims to explore these factors, with an emphasis on identifying effective strategies for clinical management. Zhang et al ’s bibliometric analysis of 787 publications (745 original articles and 42 reviews, mostly in animal models) from 2000 to 2023 highlights the growing interest in SLI, focusing on oxidative stress, gut microbiota, and inflammatory processes. Key components such as nuclear factor-kappa B and the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 inflammasome pathway, along with their links to gut microbiota imbalance and oxidative stress, are crucial for understanding SLI pathogenesis. The gut-liver axis, particularly the role of intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation in liver inflammation, is emphasized. In this context, bacterial translocation is especially relevant for critically ill patients, as it can exacerbate liver inflammation. The findings underscore the need for integrated care in intensive care units, prioritizing gut health and careful antibiotic use to prevent dysbiosis. Despite extensive research, there remains a lack of clinical trials to validate therapeutic approaches. The abundance of experimental studies highlights potential therapeutic targets, stressing the need for high-quality randomized clinical trials to translate these findings into clinical practice.

• Book : 31(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
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• Book : 50()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.100885
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• Book : 1071()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.170076
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Abstract

Convection, that is, mixed magnetohydrodynamics stream of Williamson nanofluid in excess of a nonlinearly stretchable permeable sheet, has been studied using a mathematical model that includes thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, heat source/sink, chemical reaction, and suction are all examples of thermal radiation are all examples of how heat is dissipated. By availing the controlling similarity transformations, suitable similarity transformations partial differential equations are reduced into the solution of a set of ordinary differential equations that are nonlinear using the homotopy analysis method. There is also a clear approach to get series solutions to converge. There was a strong correlation between the current and past outcomes. Graphs and tables are used to illustrate the nature of the flow field beneath various conditions.

• Book : 54(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.351-374
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• Book : 1072()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.170117
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• Book : 1071()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.170138
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Background

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings with pulmonary fibrotic activity in the corresponding regions using [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-fibroblast activation fibroblast inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Additionally, the potential of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT for evaluating the active fibrosis process and ^99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy for assessing the inflammatory process in ILD patients was also assessed.

Methods

In this pilot study, 20 ILD patients underwent [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT and ^99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT. Additionally, 10 patients without lung or thoracic involvement who were undergoing [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT for cancer detection were enrolled in the control group. The images were evaluated both visually and semiquantitatively and also compared with HRCT and pulmonary function tests. Multiple quantitative parameters were derived from the lung segments in the PET scan, including SUVmax, SUVmean, maximum target-to-liver ratio, mean target-to-liver ratio (TLRmean), and total lesion FAPI expression for the entire lung, as well as its lobes and zones. Additionally, the maximum Hounsfield unit (HU) and mean HU in HRCT were calculated for the whole lung as well as its lobes and zones. Furthermore, an HRCT fibrosis score (HFS) was defined according to the HRCT findings.

Results

Twenty ILD patients with a mean age of 58.70 (SD, 11.09) years were enrolled. Additionally, 10 control patients were enrolled with a mean age of 57.70 (SD, 15.19) years. Based on visual assessment, the FAPI scan was positive in 12 (60%) patients. Similarly, the MIBI scan was positive in 12 (60%) patients. In the 20 ILD cases, both scans were positive in 6 cases, and both were negative in 2 cases. Six cases showed FAPI-negative and MIBI-positive results, whereas another 6 cases showed FAPI-positive and MIBI-negative results. Comparing the control and ILD patients, there was a significant difference in SUVmax, SUVmean, total lesion FAPI expression, TLRmean, maximum HU, and mean HU (P < 0.05). When comparing HFS with PET-derived parameters in zones, a significant positive correlation was found between HFS and SUVmean, SUVmax, maximum target-to-liver ratio, and TLRmean (P < 0.05). Additionally, a significant difference was noted between FAPI results and HFS (P = 0.003). An ancillary finding, 9 of 20 (45%) ILD patients showed intense FAPI uptakes in gallbladder, whereas none of the 10 in the control group showed such uptake.

Conclusion

The present study may suggest that combining [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT and ^99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT yields an additive effect for evaluating ILD-related fibrosis and inflammatory processes over using either modality alone. Furthermore, it appears that [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT has the potential to ascertain levels of fibrotic activity from population of resident fibroblasts, active fibroblasts, and scar maturation among ILD patients based on their HRCT patterns.

• Book : 50(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e17-e25
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• Book : 432()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.113768
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• Book : 318()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.114568
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• Book : 432()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.113737
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