High-pressure synthesis of lutetium hydrides from molecular hydrogen (H2) and lutetium (Lu) is systematically investigated using synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and visual observations. We demonstrate that the reaction pathway between H2 and Lu invariably follows the sequence Lu ⟶ LuH2 ⟶ LuH3 and exhibits a notable time dependence. A comprehensive diagram representing the formation and synthesis of lutetium hydrides as a function of pressure and time is constructed. Our findings indicate that the synthesis can be accelerated by elevated temperature and decelerated by increased pressure. Notably, two critical pressure thresholds at ambient temperature are identified: the synthesis of LuH2 from Lu commences at a minimum pressure of ∼3 GPa, while ∼28 GPa is the minimum pressure at which LuH2 fails to transform into LuH3 within a time scale of months. This underscores the significant impact of temporal factors on synthesis, with the reaction completion time increasing sub-linearly with rising pressure. Furthermore, the cubic phase of LuH3 can be obtained exclusively through compressing the trigonal LuH3 phase at ∼11.5 GPa. We also demonstrate that the bandgap of LuH3 slowly closes under pressure and is noticeably lower than that of LuH2.

• Book : 10(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.017804
• Keyword :

• Book : 605()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.155577
• Keyword :

• Book : 1010()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.116782
• Keyword :

Abstract

We have proposed a magneto-optical photonic crystal (MOPC) waveguide that can not only realize highly directional radiation but also work as an electromagnetic (EM) wave receiver. This waveguide consists of a square MOPC and a covering layer of Al2O3 PC tilted at 45° that allows for the penetration of EM waves. Due to the broken time-reversal symmetry caused by an external magnetic field, there exists a unidirectional leaky topological edge state within the photonic bandgap. Such the leaky edge state transmits unidirectional and radiates into the air simultaneously, leading to a broadside radiation beam with a low half-power beam width of less than 4°. More importantly, the radiation direction of the beam can be tuned over a wide angular range by adjusting the operation frequency or the magnetic field strength. Besides, this designed waveguide can also act as a tunable receiver for capturing incident EM waves effectively. These results have potential for various practical applications, such as antennas and sensors.

• Book : 58(8)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.085103
• Keyword :

• Book : 62(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.78-85
• Keyword :

Abstract

This article presents a defected ground structure (DGS)-based deformed microstrip wearable antenna for ON/OFF body smart wearable Internet of Things (IoT) applications.. The antenna design has certain features such as lightweight, cost-effectiveness, low profile, and flexibility. Fabricated using a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with a thickness of 0.508 mm, the proposed antenna includes a deformed rectangular patch and DGS to enhance impedance matching and radiation performance at 2.45 GHz. The results show a low reflection coefficient of approximately −36 dB and a peak gain of 5.61 dBi at 2.45 GHz in a free-space environment without bending. Additionally, the specific absorption rate (SAR) is measured to be 0.249 W kg⁻¹ for 1 g of tissue and 0.137 W kg⁻¹ for 10 g of tissue when the antenna is placed 0.32λ0 away from the body. The study also indicates that SAR values decrease as the distance between the antenna and the body increases. The antenna prototype has been fabricated and experimentally tested under various ON/OFF body conditions and bending scenarios. The measured results closely align with the simulated data, confirming the antenna suitability for ON/OFF body IoT applications. Noteworthy features of the proposed wearable antenna include its conformability and suitability for body-worn applications, making it an excellent candidate for ON/OFF body smart wearable IoT devices.

• Book : 100(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.015536
• Keyword :

• Book : 47(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.782-792
• Keyword :

• Book : 605()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.155560
• Keyword :

Arthrogryposis, which represents a group of congenital disorders, includes various forms. One such form is amyoplasia, which most commonly presents in a sporadic form in addition to distal forms, among which hereditary cases may occur. This condition is characterized by limited joint mobility and muscle weakness, leading to limb deformities and various clinical manifestations. At present, the pathogenesis of this disease is not clearly understood, and its diagnosis is often complicated due to significant phenotypic diversity, which can result in delayed detection and, consequently, limited options for symptomatic treatment. In this study, a transcriptomic analysis of the affected muscles from patients diagnosed with amyoplasia was performed, and more than 2000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. A functional analysis revealed disrupted biological processes, such as vacuole organization, cellular and aerobic respiration, regulation of mitochondrion organization, cellular adhesion, ATP synthesis, and others. The search for key nodes (hubs) in protein-protein interaction networks allowed for the identification of genes involved in mitochondrial processes.

• Book : 26(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.124
• Keyword :

PURPOSE

Cardiac dysfunction is the leading cause of mortality among 10-year breast cancer survivors. Limited information regarding long-term risks of cardiac dysfunction after cardiotoxic therapy (anthracyclines, trastuzumab/pertuzumab, radiation) has precluded development of surveillance guidelines for the survivors.

METHODS

Patients with breast cancer who completed cardiotoxic therapy underwent echocardiographic screening every 2 years. New-onset cardiac dysfunction was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% after cardiotoxic therapy initiation and included early- and late-onset cardiac dysfunction.

RESULTS

We evaluated 2,808 echocardiograms in 829 breast cancer survivors; the median age at breast cancer diagnosis was 54.2 years (range, 20.3-86.3); the median follow-up was 8.6 years (1.8-39.8); 39.7% received anthracyclines, 16% received trastuzumab/pertuzumab, 6.2% received both anthracyclines and trastuzumab/pertuzumab, and 38.1% received radiation alone. The cumulative incidence of cardiac dysfunction increased from 1.8% at 2 years to 15.3% at 15 years from cardiotoxic therapy initiation. Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified the following risk factors: non-Hispanic Black race (hazard ratio [HR], 2.15 [95% CI], 1.37 to 3.38), cardiotoxic therapies (anthracyclines: HR, 2.35 [95% CI, 1.25 to 4.4]; anthracyclines and trastuzumab/pertuzumab: HR, 3.92 [95% CI, 1.74 to 8.85]; reference: left breast radiation alone), selective estrogen receptor modulators (HR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.2 to 3.33]), and precancer hypertension (HR, 3.16 [95% CI, 1.63 to 6.1]). Late-onset cardiac dysfunction was most prevalent among anthracycline- and radiation-exposed patients; early-onset cardiac dysfunction was most prevalent among patients exposed to anthracyclines and trastuzumab/pertuzumab; equal prevalence of both early- and late-onset cardiac dysfunction was observed in trastuzumab-/pertuzumab-exposed patients. Adjusted longitudinal analyses revealed an annual decline in LVEF by 0.29% ( P = .009) over 20 years from breast cancer diagnosis.

CONCLUSION

These findings provide evidence to support echocardiographic surveillance for several years after cardiotoxic therapy and also suggest a need to examine the efficacy of management of cardiovascular risk factors to mitigate risk.

• Book : 43(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.32-45
• Keyword :