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2025
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- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
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- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.101730-101730
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2025
Abstract
The Amazon, the world's largest tropical forest, plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle. It has a large carbon pool and acts as a major carbon sink. However, in 2023–2024, a compound heatwave-drought event (HD2023) hit the Amazon region, resulting in extreme temperatures and soil moisture deficits, threatening the region's carbon sink capacity. Using advanced multisource satellite data and meteorological reanalysis, we quantified the impact of various climatic factors on vegetation productivity during HD2023 and analyzed its progression. Our findings showed that HD2023 led to a 530 Tg C decline in gross primary productivity and 0.003 reduction in near-infrared reflectance of vegetation. The strongest phase of the event spanned five months, causing persistently high temperatures and reduced precipitation, leading to a continuous decline in soil moisture and marked reduction in gross primary productivity. The most severe decrease in gross primary productivity occurred in January2024. The event originated in the northwest and gradually spread to the southeast. Soil moisture was the dominant factor in the decline of photosynthesis across vegetation types, whereas high solar radiation mitigated the impact of drought in evergreen broad forests and savannas. Moreover, the sensitivity of gross primary productivity to compound heatwave-drought varied across vegetation types, ranking as grassland > savanna > evergreen broad forest. This study assessed the impact of HD2023 on regional carbon flux in the Amazon. As climate projections indicate future increases in climate extremes over the Amazon, it is important to identify the drivers of this impact on the carbon cycle of the Amazon.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
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2025
Background/Objectives: Although malaria is one of the oldest known human diseases, it continues to be a major global health challenge. According to UNICEF, the global malaria mortality rate exceeded 600,000 annually in 2022, which includes more than 1000 children dying each day. This study aimed to investigate the comprehensive chemical profile and biological activities, particularly the antimalarial activity, of Lycium shawii (Awsaj), a shrub traditionally used in the Arabian Peninsula, Middle East, India, and Africa to treat a myriad of ailments. Methods: Crude extracts of L. shawii were prepared using water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) were utilized to perform untargeted metabolomics to maximize metabolite detection and tentatively identify bioactive phytochemicals. The total phenolic content (TPC) was measured for each extract, and bioassays were conducted to evaluate their antimalarial, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities, particularly those of the water extract, which is the traditional method of consumption in Arabian folk medicine. Results: A total of 148 metabolites were detected, 45 of which were classified as phytochemicals. The bioassays revealed that the water extract that is traditionally used showed promising antimalarial potential by significantly inhibiting β-hematin formation in vitro at 1 mg/mL (with an absorbance of 0.140 ± 0.027). This is likely due to the rich presence of quinoline in the aqueous extract among several other bioactive phytochemicals, such as phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and benzenoids. However, their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities were found to be weak, with only a minor inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at a concentration of 500 µg/mL and weak antibacterial effects against pathogens like P. aeruginosa, MRSA, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae with an MIC of 500 μg/mL. The results also revealed that the methanolic extract had the highest TPC at 26.265 ± 0.005 mg GAE/g. Conclusions: The findings support the traditional medicinal use of L. shawii and highlight its potential as a source of novel therapeutic compounds, particularly for treating malaria. This study encourages further research to isolate and develop effective plant-based anti-malarial agents.- Book : 15(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.84-84
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2025
Monitoring patient doses on CT Scans in hospitals very important, it must be monitored periodically especially in DRL monitoring of CT Examination. There is still a need for socialization regarding the need for radiation monitoring of high dose radiation in CT Scan used. The DRL was related to efforts to optimize radiation protection must be monitored periodically on CTDI Vol and DLP for lowest possible dose and optimum image quality results. Determination of DRL values from 75% percentile from recording mean CTDI vol and total DLP MSCT examination of head and abdomen non-contrast. The overall results obtained from the Head MSCT examination DRL as follows: DRL on CTDI Vol from Quarters I-IV obtained 63.45 mGy, exceeding the standards IDRL requirement of 60 mGy. Meanwhile, DRL in DLP Total from Quarters I-IV was 1005.05-1096.45 mGy.cm which was lower than IDRL 1275 mGy.cm. Meanwhile, the results of the DRL on theAbdominal MSCT are as follows: Quarter I-IV is 9.35-10.31 mGy below the IDRL that was17 mGy. Meanwhile, local DRL from QuartersI-IV obtained: 401.34 - 428.73 mGy.cm below IDRL which was 885 mGy.cm, its suitable with Decree of the Head of Bapeten Number 1211/K/V/2021.- Book : 605()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.02009-02009
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2025
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2025
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- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.10252-10264
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2025
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2025
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