Abstract With the development of space exploration and exploitation, it is imperative to address the potential threats posed to space objects, particularly ground-based infrared observation. However, in the extreme space environment, achieving infrared camouflage across different bands with simultaneous thermal management is challenging and has so far slipped out of concern. Here, we propose the space-to-ground infrared camouflage strategy, compatible with radiative heat dissipation. Camouflage in the H, K, mid-wave-infrared (MWIR), and long-wave-infrared (LWIR) bands is achieved through a multilayer structure, with radiative heat dissipation in the very-long-wave-infrared (VLWIR) band. High absorptivity (0.839/0.633) in the H/K bands minimizes the reflected signal of solar radiation and low emissivity (0.132/0.142) in the MWIR/LWIR bands suppresses the thermal radiation signal. Additionally, high emissivity (0.798) in the VLWIR band ensures efficient thermal management, resulting in a temperature decrement of 39.8 °C to the metal reference in the simulated space environment (with 1200 W m− 2 thermal input). This work inspires sophisticated spectral manipulation in extreme environments and guides the development of camouflage and radiative heat dissipation techniques for space objects.

• Book : 14(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

• Book : 16(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Abstract Background Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), performed at the patient’s bedside, has been widely used to diagnose several medical conditions. However, its accuracy in diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) in the emergency department (ED) is not fully established. Therefore, the current meta-analysis examined the accuracy of POCUS in diagnosing PE in the ED. Results A total of fourteen studies involving 1835 patients suspected of PE were included. The pooled results showed that lung ultrasound has a sensitivity and specificity of 47% and 88%, respectively. The most frequently used clinical sign for diagnosing PE using lung ultrasound was the presence of at least one hypoechoic pleural-based lesion. The pooled results also showed that deep venous ultrasound, which mostly used the bilateral compression of the femoral and popliteal veins, yielded a sensitivity of 56% and a specificity of 96% for PE. In addition, cardiac ultrasound yielded a sensitivity of 39% and specificity of 94% for PE, with the most frequently used clinical sign being right ventricular (RV) dilation. On the other hand, multiorgan POCUS displayed a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 79%. Conclusion Cardiac, lung, and deep venous ultrasounds have consistently shown high specificity, making them valuable diagnostic tools for ruling in PE at the patient’s bedside. On the other hand, multiorgan POCUS displayed high diagnostic accuracy, making it a valuable tool for confirming or dismissing PE in ED.

• Book : 56(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

This paper investigates the influence of annealing conditions on predicting hardening behavior in weld zone using finite element analysis (FEA) for welding simulations. Experimental welding tests were conducted on scientific plate and pipe specimens using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). Hardness data taken from various positions within the weld zones were converted into accumulated plastic strain using a derived hardness-plastic strain relation. FEA of the welding, considering different annealing temperatures, were performed and the results were compared with experimental data. This study demonstrates the necessity of incorporating annealing conditions to accurately predict hardening behavior, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate annealing temperatures.

• Book : 57(5)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Epigenetic regulation provides new insights into the mechanisms of osteogenic differentiation and identifies potential targets for treating bone-related diseases. However, the specific regulatory networks and mechanisms involved still need further investigation. In this study, we identify PRMT7 as a novel epigenetic regulator of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) osteogenic commitment. Conditional knockout of Prmt7 in mice reveals a significant impairment in osteogenesis and bone regeneration, specifically in females, affecting both femurs and mandibles, with no noticeable effect in males. Mechanistically, PRMT7 modulates MSCs osteogenic differentiation by activating PTEN. Specifically, PRMT7 enhances PTEN transcription by increasing H3R2me1 levels at the PTEN promoter. Additionally, PRMT7 interacts with the PTEN protein and stabilizes nuclear PTEN, revealing an unprecedented pathway. Notably, overexpression of PTEN alleviates the osteogenic deficits observed in Prmt7-deficient mice. This research establishes PRMT7 as a potential therapeutic target for promoting bone formation/regeneration and offers novel molecular insights into the PRMT7–PTEN regulatory axis, underscoring its significance in bone biology and regenerative medicine.

• Book : 26(7)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.2981-2981
• Keyword :

In this study, the characterization and comparison of corrosion products collected from the low-pressure and high-pressure heaters of an operating pressurized water reactor during the dry lay-up period indicated distinct differences in their composition and structure. Low-pressure and high-pressure feedwater heaters favored the formation of hematite and magnetite, respectively. Notably, Fe oxyhydroxides, such as goethite and lepidocrocite, were observed exclusively on the surface of the corrosion products formed in the high-pressure feedwater heater. Thermodynamic calculations confirmed the formation of Fe oxyhydroxides from Fe ions, indicating that Fe oxides such as magnetite can transform into Fe oxyhydroxides during the dry lay-up period under high humidity and oxygen-rich conditions. The results of this study could guide future research on mitigating corrosion in nuclear power plants, significantly improving their safety and efficiency

• Book : 57(5)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.325-337
• Keyword :

Goal: This study evaluates the feasibility and outcome of a personalized MRI-based liver SBRT treatment planning platform with the SPION contrast agent Ferumoxytol® (Sandoz Inc.; Princeton, NJ, USA) to maintain a superior real-time visualization of liver tumors and volumes of functional hepatic parenchyma for radiotherapy planning throughout multi-fractionated liver SBRT with online plan adaptations on an Elekta Unity 1.5 T MR-Linac (Elekta; Stockholm, Sweden). Materials and Methods: Patients underwent SPION-enhanced MRI on the Elekta Unity MR-Linac for improved tumor and functional hepatic parenchyma visualization. An automated contouring algorithm was applied for the delineation and subsequent guided avoidance of functional liver parenchyma volumes (FLVs) on the SPION-enhanced MR-Linac. Radiation dose constraints were adapted exclusively to FLV. Local control, toxicity, and survival were assessed with at least 6-month radiographic follow-up. Pre- and post-transplant outcomes were analyzed in the subset of patients with HCC and hepatic cirrhosis who completed SBRT as a bridge to liver transplant. Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD-Na) was used to score hepatic function before and after SBRT. Results: With a median follow-up of 23 months (range: 3–40 months), 23 HCC patients (26 lesions treated) and 9 patients (14 lesions treated) with hepatic metastases received SBRT (mean dose: 48 Gy, range: 36–54 Gy) in 1–5 fractions. Nearly all patients in this study had pe-existing liver conditions, including hepatic cirrhosis (23), prior TACE (7), prior SBRT (18), or history of hepatic resection (2). Compared to the non-contrast images, SPIONs improved tumor visibility on post-SPION images on the background of negatively enhancing functionally active hepatic parenchyma. Prolonged SPION-contrast retention within hepatic parenchyma enabled per-fraction treatment adaptation throughout the entire multi-fraction treatment course. FLV loss (53%, p < 0.0001) was observed in cirrhotic patients, but functional and anatomic liver volumes remained consistent in non-cirrhotic patients. Mean dose to FLV was maintained within the liver threshold tolerance to radiation in all patients after the optimization of Step-and-Shoot Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (SS-IMRT) on the SPION-enhanced MRI-Linac. No radiation-induced liver disease was observed within 6 months post-SBRT, and the MELD-Na score in cirrhotic patients was not significantly elevated at 3-month intervals after SBRT completion. Conclusions: SPION Ferumoxytol® administered intravenously as an alternative MRI contrast agent on the day of SBRT planning produces a long-lasting contrast effect between tumors and functional hepatic parenchyma for precision targeting and guided avoidance during the entire course of liver SBRT, enabling fast and accurate online plan adaptation on the 1.5 T Elekta Unity MR-Linac. This approach demonstrates a safe and effective bridging therapy for patients with hepatic cirrhosis, leading to low toxicity and favorable transplant outcomes.

• Book : 17(7)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1088-1088
• Keyword :

Abstract We use nanotechnology-improved targets for femtosecond laser pulse shots in order to take advantage of plasmonic effects when accelerating electrons and ions. We seek to reach proton energies sufficient for igniting nuclear fusion processes with the surrounding material. In particular, the pB reaction is aimed at, not producing primary neutrons, just alpha particles. This paper reports about the state of our experimental research as presented at the conference on Particles and Plasmas, June 10–12, 2024, Budapest, Hungary.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Abstract Background Brain metastases (BrM) from prostate cancer (PC) are rare. This study sought to evaluate their prevalence, clinical features, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes. Methods From a database of BrM patients, we analyzed 28 cases from prostate cancer treated at our center between 2008 and 2023. Results BrM from PC comprised 0.7% of cases. Majority of patients had high-risk features at PC diagnosis: median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis was 65.5 ng/mL (range: 3.9–784.7 ng/mL), 82% were Gleason grade group ≥4, and 68% had perineural invasion (PNI). At BrM diagnosis, 79% were castrate-resistant. Most patients had concurrent metastases, including bone (94%), lymph nodes (63%), or lung (6%). Fifty percent presented with a single brain lesion, and the median Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA) score was 1.5 (range: 0.5–2.5). Patients commonly had radiographic brain edema (57%) and neurological symptoms (54%), whereas only 7% had seizures. Median overall survival (OS) was 9.4 months (95% CI: 4.8–14.8 months) after BrM diagnosis. An upward trend in OS was observed with higher GPA (p=0.07). Treatment modalities, including surgery with adjuvant radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, and whole-brain radiotherapy, showed no significant difference in median OS (9.4, 10.1, and 11.0 months respectively, p=0.79). OS did not significantly differ between patients with a single versus multiple BrM or patients with castrate-sensitive versus castrate-resistant PC. Conclusion BrMs from prostate cancer are rare and predominantly occur in patients with advanced, castrate-resistant disease, often accompanied by other metastases. This analysis enhances our understanding of the disease trajectory and informs treatment discussions.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :