• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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Ion-exchange resins (IERs) are used for the decontamination of effluents from chemical impurities and radioisotopes in the primary and secondary cooling circuits of pressured water reactors. Cementation in OPC matrices (CA, cement and fly ash) has been the preferred alternative for the conditioning of spent IERs (SIERs). Due to the progressive supply shortage of ash in the international market, the technical feasibility of other alternative cementitious formulations (CAS, cement, ash and slag, and CS, cement and slag) to confine this waste has been assessed. In this study, aspects such as the maximum waste loading, physic-chemical characteristics of the wasteforms, or their radionuclide retention capacity were evaluated. The maximum SIERs surrogates admitted for each formulation was 7.5 % wt./wt. resin/binder (12 % volume). For all wasteforms, boron released from SIERs surrogates seemed to interact with calcium compounds of the raw materials, retarding the reaction kinetics and setting, especially in the CS sample, and delaying the formation of the gel and the portlandite. No formation of boron compound but substitution of silicon tetrahedral by boron tetrahedral in the gel structure. CAS wasteforms sample with immobilised resin, independently of the SIERs surrogates content, exhibited an improved performance compared to the CA formulation currently in use.

• Book : 57(5)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-42
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• Book : 66(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.25-43
• Keyword :

In recent years, high-power microwave (HPM) technology has developed rapidly. However, the current research mainly focuses on how to improve its performance and its impact on electronic devices, and there has been relatively little research on its effects on organisms. In particular, the research on the biological effects of HPMs in the X-band is even more limited. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a study on the effects of HPMs in the X-band with a frequency of 9.375 GHz on mood, learning, and cognitive abilities, as well as the antioxidant defense system. Upon observation, it was noted that the mice in the exposed groups, when compared to the control group, did not display significant signs of depression or anxiety. Furthermore, their learning capabilities, memory retention, and cognitive functions remained intact and were not adversely affected. The results of oxidative-stress-related indicators in serum and brain tissue showed increased levels of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced levels of protein carbonyl (PCO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and no significant changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS). In summary, acute exposure to 9.375 GHz HPM did not cause significant damage to the organisms, and the body could defend against the acute stress caused by HPMs through its own antioxidant system. This investigation provides substantial theoretical foundations and robust experimental evidence for establishing safety parameters and potential biomedical applications of microwave radiation within defined exposure limits.

• Book : 26(7)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.2871-2871
• Keyword :

The integration of a Super High Frequency (SHF) on-body antenna with Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) marks a significant advancement in defense beacon technology. This study presents a unique, wearable, apple-shaped SHF antenna incorporating a multifunctional FSS for use as a Defense Locator Beacon (DLB). Key features include high gain, highly directional radiation pattern, low Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), reduced Radar Cross Section (RCS), and compact dimensions. The antenna, made on denim fabric, operates across the entire SHF band. With a 9-cell FSS array on a semi-flexible RT Duroid substrate, the structure is both simulated and fabricated, showing enhanced performance: peak gain increased from 7.14 to 11.1 dBi, FBR from 3.58 dB to 19.87 dB, and RCS reduced from -25 to -50 dB. Link Budget Analysis confirms effective communication, with ranges of 67 m and 64 m for 100 Mbps and 200 Mbps. The proposed antenna ensures high-speed communication and accurate location identification for military personnel.

• Book : 75(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.90-99
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This study focuses on quantitative performance evaluation in a 400-ton-capacity commercial-scale pyroprocessing facility. Extensive modeling and simulation were conducted to evaluate the quantitative performance of the Material Balance Evaluation (MBE) system, a crucial component in the field of nuclear safeguards. Optimized approaches to MBE system were developed, minimizing assumptions and conservatively estimating uncertainties based on existing literature. Unlike previous studies, this work assessed, and proposes herein, MBE methods in the head-end cell area. Dividing a single MBA into two in the pyroprocessing cell area showed quantitative performance improvements, enhancing detection capabilities through refined measurement strategies and improved loss detection algorithms. Additional optimization was conducted to determine the ideal frequency of material balance evaluations in the pyroprocessing cell area. The results showed that, for a single MBA, at least nine MBEs were required to achieve satisfactory detection performance for abrupt losses. By dividing the area into two MBAs, the required number of evaluations was reduced to just 3–4, enhancing detection capabilities for abrupt losses. Among the algorithms, the Shewhart test was best for detecting abrupt losses in the head-end area, while the combined GEMUF-Shewhart test, devised in this study, was effective for single zones, and the GEMUF test alone was best for parallel zones. Overall, the Near Real Time Accountancy (NRTA) system showed strong detection across all abrupt loss scenarios. This study underscores the utility of integrating Safeguards by Design (SBD) principles early in the design phase to optimize safeguards and reduce operational burdens, and shows the way for future research on even more rational MBE approaches.

• Book : 57(5)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-42
• Keyword :

Osteoporosis is a prevalent metabolic bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk, particularly among aging populations. While conventional pharmacological treatments exist, they often have adverse effects, necessitating the search for alternative therapies. Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol, has gained significant attention for its potential osteoprotective properties through various molecular mechanisms. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze the molecular pathways through which resveratrol protects against osteoporosis. Using an advanced search strategy in the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, we identified 513 potentially relevant articles. After title and abstract screening, followed by full-text review, 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies comprised 14 in vitro studies, 8 mixed in vitro and in vivo studies, 6 in vivo studies, and 1 cross-sectional study in postmenopausal women. Our findings indicate that resveratrol exerts its osteoprotective effects by enhancing osteoblast differentiation through the activation of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), and GATA Binding Protein 1 (GATA-1) pathways while simultaneously inhibiting osteoclastogenesis by suppressing Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6/Transforming Growth Factor-β-Activated Kinase 1 (TRAF6/TAK1). Additionally, resveratrol mitigates oxidative stress and inflammation-induced bone loss by activating the Hippo Signaling Pathway/Yes-Associated Protein (Hippo/YAP) and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) pathways and suppressing Reactive Oxygen Species/Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha (ROS/HIF-1α) and NADPH Oxidase 4/Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B Cells (Nox4/NF-κB). Despite promising preclinical findings, the low bioavailability of resveratrol remains a significant challenge, highlighting the need for novel delivery strategies to improve its therapeutic potential. This review provides critical insights into the molecular mechanisms of resveratrol in bone health, supporting its potential as a natural alternative for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Further clinical studies are required to validate its efficacy and establish optimal dosing strategies.

• Book : 26(7)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.2893-2893
• Keyword :

As a widely recognized emittance measurement technique, the Q-scanning method typically plays a crucial role in the commissioning process of accelerator-based beam injectors. The Q-magnet, being a pivotal component, significantly influences the measurement capability, thus warranting detailed examination in this study. By reassessing the measurement outcomes of the Q-magnet, the impact of fringe fields on emittance measurement precision is thoroughly scrutinized within this framework. Subsequently, corrections to the transfer matrices of the Q-scanning system under different excitation currents are implemented by revisiting fundamental beam optic principles. Moreover, virtual measurements via both theoretical calculations and beam dynamics simulations are conducted to validate these corrections, utilizing the setup of an existing beam injector established at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Both the theoretical and experimental results indicate that the measurement accuracy of the Q-scanning technique can be improved by correcting the fringe field effects.

• Book : 57(5)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.325-337
• Keyword :

Microporous metal materials have promising applications in the high-temperature industry for their high heat exchange efficiency. However, due to their complex internal structure, analyzing the heat transfer mechanisms presents a great challenge. This I confirm work introduces a mathematical model to accurately calculate the radiative thermal conductivity of microporous open-cell metal materials. The finite element and lattice Boltzmann methods were employed to calculate the thermal conduction and thermal radiation conductivities separately and validated for aluminum foams, with the relative errors all less than 9.3%. The results show that the thermal conductivity of microporous metal materials mainly increased with an increase in temperature and volume-specific surface area but decreased with an increase in porosity. Analysis of the spectral radiation characteristics shows that the surface plasmon polariton resonance and the magnetic polariton resonance appearing at the gas–solid interface of the metal foam significantly increase the dissipation effect of the gas–solid interface, further reducing the metal foam’s heat transfer efficiency. This indicates the potential of this work for use in the design of specific microporous metal materials like energy management devices or heat transfer exchangers in the aerospace industry.

• Book : 18(6)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1529-1529
• Keyword :