• Book : 50()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.100877
• Keyword :

Abstract

Background and objectives

The impact of viral infections on disease susceptibility and progression has predominantly been studied in patients with relapse-onset MS (RMS). Here, we determined immune responses to ubiquitous viruses in patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS).

Methods

Antibody responses to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), specifically to the latent EBV nuclear antigen 1 and the lytic viral capsid antigen VCA, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and measles virus were determined in a cohort of 68 PPMS patients with a mean follow-up of 8 years and compared with 66 healthy controls matched for sex and age.

Results

Compared with controls, PPMS patients showed increased humoral immune responses to the EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1), but not to the lytic EBV capsid antigen (VCA) or to other viral antigens. Seroprevalence rates for HCMV were significantly higher in PPMS. Antiviral immune responses at baseline did not correlate with disability progression over time.

Discussion

Elevated immune responses toward EBNA1 are selectively increased in people with primary progressive disease, indicating a link between EBNA1-targeting immune responses and the development of both RMS and PPMS. Our data also suggest that chronic HCMV infection is associated with progressive MS.

• Book : 272(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.26
• Keyword :

• Book : 10(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.101654
• Keyword :

Abstract

Background

Crystal‐storing histiocytosis (CSH) is a rare form of histiocytosis with intralysosomal accumulations of immunoglobulins or paraproteins that aggregate as crystals. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement of CSH is uncommon but should be considered in cases of persistent parenchymal enhancement on neuroimaging.

Methods

We describe one local case of CNS CSH and 10 additional cases identified by literature review.

Results

Among 11 CSH patients, lesions involved either the dura (2/11) or brain parenchyma (9/11). Two cases had leptomeningeal enhancement. One case had spinal cord involvement. Two cases were associated with marginal zone lymphoma; one case was associated with an immunoglobulin A‐plasma cell dyscrasia. Eight of 11 cases had outcome data available: 7/8 cases had clinical and/or radiological improvement and 1/8 had radiological stability.

Conclusions

Central nervous system involvement of CSH is rare. Potential cases should be comprehensively evaluated for lymphoma or myeloma with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT) of the body or alternatively, CT of the chest, abdomen, pelvis and nuclear bone scan, bone marrow biopsy, serum protein electrophoresis, and cerebrospinal fluid protein electrophoresis. Treatment is targeted toward the underlying malignancy.

• Book : 32(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e16528
• Keyword :

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (JSR) came into being with the publication of its inaugural issue in October 1994 that contained 15 full articles comprising 100 pages. Thirty years of JSR has coincided with several Nobel Prizes that have arisen from the work undertaken on synchrotron radiation sources, with the first of these awarded to Sir John Walker in 1997, just three years after the launch of JSR, and celebrated on the front cover of the journal's July 1999 issue. This article provides an insight into the motivation as well as the journey of establishing this important journal for the IUCr and the synchrotron radiation community which has continued to grow. We also highlight some of the well cited papers for each of the five-year-periods during these 30 years and demonstrate how the journal has become the natural home for all aspects of synchrotron radiation science and technology.

• Book : 32(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-9
• Keyword :

ABSTRACT

Deuterium isotope effects on interaction energies and geometrical parameters in several H3O⁺(D3O⁺)^…ene and H3O+(D3O⁺)^…yne complexes, which involve O‐H(D)^…π interactions, have been analyzed using the MP2 level of the multi‐component molecular orbital method (MC_MP2), which can incorporate the nuclear quantum effects of light nuclei, such as protons and deuterons. The MC_MP2 calculations revealed that D3O⁺ replacement reduced the interaction energies of the complexes and induced changes in geometrical parameters. In addition, natural energy decomposition analysis (NEDA) revealed a strong correlation between the H/D isotope effects on the H/D^…π distances and on each energy component.

• Book : 46(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e70000
• Keyword :

• Book : 332(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.19
• Keyword :

Abstract

Psoriasis is a prevalent chronic systemic immune disease characterized by T‐cellmediated hyperproliferation of keratinized cells. Among its various manifestations, plaque‐type psoriasis is the most common. Treatment options for psoriasis encompass topical medications, biological therapies, phototherapy techniques, and others. However, traditional treatments are associated with numerous side effects. In contrast, targeted therapy has garnered increasing attention due to its high selectivity, strong safety profile, and favorable therapeutic outcomes. Patients with psoriasis lesions exhibit elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared with the general population. These proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in mediating psoriasis pathogenesis by inducing keratinocyte proliferation through multiple signaling pathways within the body. This study will delve into the Janus kinase‐signal transducers and activators of transcription, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)‐protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT), and nuclear factor Kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathways to elucidate their roles in mediating psoriasis pathogenesis. In addition, we will summarize potential targets relevant to the treatment of psoriasis and discuss the design and activity assessment of their inhibitors. It also provides new insights for further in‐depth study of psoriasis and development of novel molecularly targeted inhibitors.

• Book : 358(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e2400621
• Keyword :

ABSTRACT

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (AML‐MSCs) have been identified to play a significant role in AML progression. The functions of MSCs mainly depend on their paracrine action. Here, we investigated whether AML‐MSCs functioned in AML cells by transferring METTL14 (Methyltransferase 14) into AML cells via exosomes. Functional analyses were conducted using MTT assay, 5‐ethynyl‐2‐deoxyuridine assay and flow cytometry. qRT‐PCR and western blot analyses detected levels of mRNAs and proteins. Exosomes (exo) were isolated from AML‐MSCs by ultracentrifugation. The m6A modification profile was determined by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) assay. The interaction between Insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) and Rho Kinase 1 (ROCK1) was validated using RIP assay. AML‐MSCs incubation promoted the proliferation and radioresistance in AML cells. Moreover, AML‐MSCs incubation led to increases in m6A levels and METTL14 levels in AML cells. METTL14 was transferred into AML cells by packaging into exosomes of AML‐MSCs. The knockdown of METTL14 in AML‐MSCs exosomes could reduce the proliferation and radioresistance in AML cells. Mechanistically, METTL14 induced ROCK1 m6A modification and stabilized its expression by an m6A‐IGF2BP3‐dependent mechanism. Rescue assay showed that ROCK1 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of METTL14 silencing in AML‐MSCs exosomes on AML cell proliferation and radioresistance. Exosome‐shuttled METTL14 from AML‐MSCs promoted proliferation and conferred radioresistance in AML cells by stabilizing ROCK1 expression via an m6A‐IGF2BP3‐dependent mechanism.

• Book : 86(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e70025
• Keyword :

Summary

A compact flag‐shaped slotted multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna is deliberated in the article for triple‐band applications. The flag‐shaped slotted antenna is built with the help of four radiating patches having rectangular slots and disconnected ground structures. The suggested flag‐shaped slotted antenna can operate in the key frequencies of 2.4, 3.5, and 5 GHz. The antenna elements are oriented orthogonally with each other, such that no external decoupling structures are required to provide isolation. The complete size of the four‐element MIMO is 30*30*1.6 mm³. The minimum isolation between the four flag‐shaped slotted elements is −61, −55, and −47 dB in the operating frequency band of 2.3-2.8 GHz, 3.4-3.9 GHz, and 4.5-5.6 GHz, respectively. The simulated and measured results agree with each other, and they have stable radiation and gain. The MIMO performance parameters are measured, and it is noticed that the envelope correlation coefficient is lower than 0.04 and the diversity gain is 9.99 dB in the considered working frequency bands. The proposed flag‐shaped slotted MIMO is appropriate for WLAN, 5G sub‐6 GHz, and ISM wireless applications.

• Book : 38(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e5967
• Keyword :