• Book : 1072()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.170116
• Keyword :

• Book : 432()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.113755
• Keyword :

Abstract

Metal foil pumps (MFPs) are the leading technology for direct internal recycling (DIR) of hydrogen isotopes from the plasma exhaust in future fusion plants. MFPs rely on the concept of superpermeation, where superthermal H atoms directly absorb into the metal foil, rapidly diffuse, and desorb downstream. To date, studies of superpermeation have predominantly employed either pure hydrogen or in some cases trace levels of impurities. The plasma exhaust is expected to contain just ∼1% helium, but in DIR the source gas would be enriched in helium as hydrogen isotopes are extracted. In this work, we explore the impact of helium on hydrogen superpermeation at low temperature (75 °C-200 °C) using Pd-based foils. To first order, the flux scaled linearly with the hydrogen mole fraction. Stable permeation was observed until the helium fraction reached ∼80%, where the flux began to decline slowly with time. In addition, short term (1-5 min) exposure to pure helium plasma significantly attenuated subsequent hydrogen plasma permeation, and the degree was more dramatic at elevated temperature. This attenuation was correlated with He retention in the foils, which was detected by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry at low levels (<0.1 at. %) and limited to the near surface (<10 nm). Similar trends were observed among all alloys (Pd, PdAg, PdCu), and the foils were restored to full performance with an Ar⁺ sputter clean. The potential for helium plasma exposure to impact MFP performance under these conditions has not been previously reported, and these findings have significant implications to the design and implementation of practical DIR systems.

• Book : 65(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.016039
• Keyword :

• Book : 121(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.39-44
• Keyword :

• Book : 1010()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.116761
• Keyword :

• Book : 35(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.311-312
• Keyword :

• Book : 1010()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.116763
• Keyword :

Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this systematic review was to offer a comprehensive overview and explore the associated outcomes from imaging referral guidelines on various key stakeholders, such as patients and radiologists.

Materials and methods

An electronic database search was conducted in Medline, Embase and Web of Science to retrieve citations published between 2013 and 2023. The search was constructed using medical subject headings and keywords. Only full-text articles and reviews written in English were included. The quality of the included papers was assessed using the mixed methods appraisal tool. A narrative synthesis was undertaken for the selected articles.

Results

The search yielded 4384 records. Following the abstract, full-text screening, and removal of duplication, 31 studies of varying levels of quality were included in the final analysis. Imaging referral guidelines from the American College of Radiology were most commonly used. Clinical decision support systems were the most evaluated mode of intervention, either integrated or standalone. Interventions showed reduced patient radiation doses and waiting times for imaging. There was a general reduction in radiology workload and utilisation of diagnostic imaging. Low-value imaging utilisation decreased with an increase in the appropriateness of imaging referrals and ratings and cost savings. Clinical effectiveness was maintained during the intervention period without notable adverse consequences.

Conclusion

Using evidence-based imaging referral guidelines improves the quality of healthcare and outcomes while reducing healthcare costs. Imaging referral guidelines are one essential component of improving the value of radiology in the healthcare system.

Clinical relevance statement

There is a need for broader dissemination of imaging referral guidelines to healthcare providers globally in tandem with the harmonisation of the application of these guidelines to improve the overall value of radiology within the healthcare system.

Key Points

The application of imaging referral guidelines has an impact and effect on patients, radiologists, and health policymakers.

The adoption of imaging referral guidelines in clinical practice can impact healthcare costs and improve healthcare quality and outcomes.

Implementing imaging referral guidelines contributes to the attainment of value-based radiology.

• Book : 35(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.532-541
• Keyword :

• Book : 211()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.110966
• Keyword :

• Book : 211()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.111036
• Keyword :