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2025
Tissue maintenance is underpinned by resident stem cells whose activity is modulated by microenvironmental cues. Using Drosophila as a simple model to identify regulators of stem cell behaviour and survival in vivo, we have identified novel connections between the conserved transmembrane proteoglycan Syndecan, nuclear properties and stem cell function. In the Drosophila midgut, Syndecan depletion in intestinal stem cells results in their loss from the tissue, impairing tissue renewal. At the cellular level, Syndecan depletion alters cell and nuclear shape, and causes nuclear lamina invaginations and DNA damage. In a second tissue, the developing Drosophila brain, live imaging revealed that Syndecan depletion in neural stem cells results in nuclear envelope remodelling defects which arise upon cell division. Our findings reveal a new role for Syndecan in the maintenance of nuclear properties in diverse stem cell types.- Book : 21(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.e1011586-e1011586
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2025
Background: The evidence base for the management of oligoprogression in metastatic melanoma (MM) is limited. To our knowledge, this study presents the first analysis of the local benefit (LB) of radiotherapy combined with hyperthermia during systemic treatment in this diagnosis. Methods: Patients with oligoprogressive MM who were treated with radiotherapy (RTH) combined with hyperthermia (HT) at a melanoma center between 2019 and 2023 were evaluated. Oligoprogression was defined as up to five progressive metastases. Inclusion criteria was the availability of dimensions assessment of the lesion subjected to RTH before and after treatment, patients without follow-up imaging after radiotherapy were excluded. The benefit of RTH + HT was evaluated in terms of local control (LC) rates and LB rates. LC was defined as the percentage of patients who met the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1) criteria for stable disease (SD), partial response (PR), and complete response (CR). LB was defined as the proportion of patients who met the PR and CR criteria. In addition, overall survival (OS) rates were estimated. The association between BRAF status, age, concomitant systemic treatment, radiation total dose, and biologically effective dose and LC was estimated. Data regarding adverse effects associated with RTH + HT were compiled. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier estimator and log-rank tests and were used to compare between groups. Results: In total, 101 patients were included in the study, the median follow-up was 15.3 months (14–18 months). There were 56.4% BRAF(−) and 43.6% BRAF(+) patients. Most patients (71.3%) were irradiated during immunotherapy, 10.9% received concomitant BRAF and MEK inhibitors, and 3.9% had chemotherapy. LC and LB medians were not reached at the time of analysis. The 1- and 2-year LC rates were 93.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 88.1%–99.3%) and 88.3% (95% CI: 79.9%–97.6%), respectively. The 1- and 2-year LB rates were 87.5% (95% CI: 80.5%–95.2%) and 78.1% (95% CI: 67.9%–89.9%), respectively. The mean reduction in irradiated tumor size across the entire cohort was 72%. The mOS from radiotherapy was not achieved at the time of our analysis, accordingly 1- and 2-year OS rates were 100% and 95% (95% CI: 90.4%–99.9%). None of the evaluated factors influenced LC among patients. Conclusion: Hyperthermia with radiotherapy is an effective treatment for patients with oligoprogressive melanoma. This approach has resulted in excellent LC. - Book : 17()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Abstract
Research on adolescent migrants has prioritized deficit- and adaptation-based approaches, with scarce attention to non-pathologizing perspectives. Faced with this challenge, the study of this population’s understanding of well-being was articulated as a framework capable of strengthening the available knowledge. Qualitative studies on understandings of well-being have contributed to its perception as contextual, multifaceted and changing (Fattore et al., 2021). However, as Hunner-Kreisel and März (Child Indicators Research, 12(2), 425–442, 2019) posit, progress is still required in integrating critical perspectives. Considering this gap, incorporating the intersectional approach allowed the present study to learn about the understandings of well-being from a critical perspective, with a focus on the experiences in the new local space, elaborated by Latin American adolescent migrants living in Barcelona. These understandings were analyzed and articulated following the proposal of Winker and Degele (European Journal of Women’s Studies, 18(1), 51–66, 2011), organized in the levels: identity constructions, symbolic representations and social structures. For the case of adolescent migrants, exploring understandings of well-being from this critical analytical approach strengthens a contextual and historically situated understanding by making oppressions and agencies visible. A qualitative design was used that included semi-structured interviews and the use of photographs as triggers for dialogue with 10 participants between 11 and 18 years of age. The results identify and describe four central understandings of well-being that Latin American adolescent migrants, participants in the study, construct around their new local space: (1) Process of transformations (new identifications, differentiations, belongings) and facing challenges as experiences that enhance a positive sense of self, by perceiving capabilities and growth; (2) Nuclear and extended family as a space of continuity and emotional support; (3) Development of reflective capacity, in terms of comparative analysis between the territory of origin and the new one, generating a sense of understanding of the world and evaluations of present and future living conditions; and (4) Practices that challenge social asymmetry: agency, oriented to include difference; recognition of the relevance of bonds and social support, of linguistic integration and of the inclusive functioning of the school system. This study contributes to advancing critical perspectives on well-being, challenging universalist and psychologistic approaches. The findings offer practical insights for the design of psychosocial interventions and inclusive policies that strengthen adolescents’ agency, promote their inclusion, and address the complex challenges faced by migrant youth in transnational contexts.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page :
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2025
Developing sustainable and green packaging products that protect foods and preserve their unique properties from UV radiation, which causes photochemical damage, is one of the extensive challenges in the food-packaging industry. Accordingly, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC)/graphene (G) nanocomposites that contained different weight percentages were prepared by a mechanical milling method. The influence of the G on the chemical composition and optical properties of the nanocomposites were studied by different techniques. SEM and FT-IR analyses confirmed the interaction between the CMC and G. The XRD spectrum showed that the crystallite size of the CMC decreased with G addition. The findings showed that changing the G concentration modified the CMC’s optical properties. The CMC’s transmittance decreased to 52%, 49%, and 57% in the UV-C (200–280), UV-B (280–320 nm), and UV-A (320–400) regions, respectively, with the addition of 2 wt.% of G. Moreover, the optical band gap decreased to 4.80 eV, while the Urbach energy increased from 0.34 to 0.94 eV as the G content increased. The density functional theory (DFT) assumption was followed to establish the electronic properties and vibrational spectrum of the CMC/G model. The theoretically determined IR and experimental FT-IR spectra of the CMC/G nanocomposites showed good agreement. The obtained results show that these nanocomposites are good candidates for food packaging.- Book : 17(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.391-391
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2025
Background: Sub clinical hypothyroidism is defined as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) >4.2 mIU/ml with a normal level of free T3 and free T4. The prevalence of sub clinical hypothyroidism in adults’ ranges from 1-10%, being higher in the elderly and in females. In children and adolescents, the prevalence is estimated to be less than 2%. Usually children and adolescents with sub clinical hypothyroidism have minimal signs and symptoms and the diagnosis is mostly made incidentally. Objective of the study was evaluation of clinical and etiological characteristics of children and adolescents with sub clinical hypothyroidism and to look at long term consequences in terms of progression to overt hypothyroidism.
Methods: Children in the age group of 5-18 years who were referred to the Department of Thyroid and Endocrine Research of Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), from April 2022 to October 2024 with the diagnosis of sub clinical hypothyroidism were recruited for the study. They were followed up for a period of two years.
Results: 52 cases of sub clinical hypothyroidism included 33 girls and 19 boys in the age group of 5-18 years. At the end of two year follow up period, in 67.3% of our patients, TSH reverted to normal range spontaneously without any treatment and only 17 patients (32.7%) progressed to overt hypothyroidism and were initiated levothyroxine replacement therapy.
Conclusions: Sub clinical hypothyroidism in children is a benign and self-limiting condition with low rate of progression to overt hypothyroidism.- Book : 13(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.757-760
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page :
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2025
Background/Objectives: Although malaria is one of the oldest known human diseases, it continues to be a major global health challenge. According to UNICEF, the global malaria mortality rate exceeded 600,000 annually in 2022, which includes more than 1000 children dying each day. This study aimed to investigate the comprehensive chemical profile and biological activities, particularly the antimalarial activity, of Lycium shawii (Awsaj), a shrub traditionally used in the Arabian Peninsula, Middle East, India, and Africa to treat a myriad of ailments. Methods: Crude extracts of L. shawii were prepared using water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) were utilized to perform untargeted metabolomics to maximize metabolite detection and tentatively identify bioactive phytochemicals. The total phenolic content (TPC) was measured for each extract, and bioassays were conducted to evaluate their antimalarial, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities, particularly those of the water extract, which is the traditional method of consumption in Arabian folk medicine. Results: A total of 148 metabolites were detected, 45 of which were classified as phytochemicals. The bioassays revealed that the water extract that is traditionally used showed promising antimalarial potential by significantly inhibiting β-hematin formation in vitro at 1 mg/mL (with an absorbance of 0.140 ± 0.027). This is likely due to the rich presence of quinoline in the aqueous extract among several other bioactive phytochemicals, such as phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and benzenoids. However, their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities were found to be weak, with only a minor inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at a concentration of 500 µg/mL and weak antibacterial effects against pathogens like P. aeruginosa, MRSA, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae with an MIC of 500 μg/mL. The results also revealed that the methanolic extract had the highest TPC at 26.265 ± 0.005 mg GAE/g. Conclusions: The findings support the traditional medicinal use of L. shawii and highlight its potential as a source of novel therapeutic compounds, particularly for treating malaria. This study encourages further research to isolate and develop effective plant-based anti-malarial agents.- Book : 15(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.84-84
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2025
Abstract
Fluorite-structured materials such as cerium dioxide (ceria or CeO2), zirconium dioxide (zirconia or ZrO2), uranium dioxide (urania or UO2), and thorium dioxide (thoria or ThO2) are technologically important for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and nuclear fuels. As such, they have an important role in the future energy mix, and their properties under a range of pressure and temperature conditions need to be understood. There is significant research effort on the material properties of classic oxide systems, both from an experimental and theoretical perspective, aiming to improve these systems using doping or external parameters such as strain. Here, we briefly review cation and oxygen diffusion in fluorite-structured materials. Emphasis is given on the impact on the diffusion of external parameters such as strain.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Two-stroke spark ignition engines are widely used in Unmanned Aerial
Vehicles. Aviation kerosene offers advantages over aviation gasoline due to
its higher flash point and lower volatility, making it likely to be adopted
more widely in the future. However, the poor evaporation and atomization
characteristics of aviation kerosene result in suboptimal ignition
performance, especially in the engine start-up phase. To explore the fitting
mixture concentration and temperature conditions for achieving better
ignition performance of aviation kerosene, A series of experimental studies
are conducted on a two-stroke engine. The intrinsic factors affecting engine
performance are analyzed. The experimental results indicate that optimal
ignition characteristics, maximum power output, and a reduced misfire rate
can be achieved at mixture concentration of 0.6 and mixture temperature of
80?C. Furthermore, the misfire rate is most sensitive to the combustion
duration, while the cyclic variations show significant sensitivity to
ignition delay. The results provide guidance for optimizing ignition
performance during the start-up phase of two-stroke engines fueled with
aviation kerosene.- Book : (00)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.18-18
- Keyword :
