• Book : 179()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.105527
• Keyword :

• Book : 1072()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.170145
• Keyword :

Abstract

Urogenital tuberculosis is one of common sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. A 60-year-old man with an elevated prostate-specific antigen level underwent multiparametric MRI, which revealed abnormal signals in the prostate. However, the ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT results were unrevealing. Subsequent ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI PET/CT imaging revealed intense radioactivity uptake in the prostate and mild radioactivity uptake in the left kidney, which was eventually proven due to tuberculosis.

• Book : 50(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.98-100
• Keyword :

Abstract

Mechanisms of plasmoid drift following massive material injection are studied via 3D non-linear MHD modelling with the JOREK code, using a transient neutral source deposited at the low field side midplane of a JET H-mode plasma to clarify basic processes and compare with existing theories. The simulations confirm the important role of the propagation of shear Alfvén wave (SAW) packets from both ends of the plasmoid (‘SAW braking’) and the development of external resistive currents along magnetic field lines (‘Pégourié braking’) in limiting charge separation and thus the $ \mathbf{E} \times \mathbf{B} $ plasmoid drift, where E and B are the electric and magnetic fields, respectively. The drift velocity is found to be limited by the SAW braking on the few microseconds timescale for cases with relatively small source amplitude while the Pégourié braking acting on a longer timescale is shown to set in earlier with larger toroidal extent of the source, both in good agreement with existing theories. The simulations also identify the key role of the size of the $ \mathbf{E} \times \mathbf{B} $ flow region on plasmoid drift and show that the saturated velocity caused by dominant SAW braking agrees well with theory when considering an effective pressure within the $ \mathbf{E} \times \mathbf{B} $ flow region. The existence of SAWs in the simulations is demonstrated and the 3D picture of plasmoid drift is discussed.

• Book : 65(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.016042
• Keyword :

• Book : 57(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.19
• Keyword :

• Book : 1010()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.116771
• Keyword :

• Book : 228()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.112410
• Keyword :

• Book : 238()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.121970
• Keyword :

• Book : 179()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.105532
• Keyword :

Abstract

Background

The use of panoramic radiography (PR) is a complementary examination to aid in the diagnosis of cases in paediatric dentistry. The lack of specific protocols for these devices, however, can result in high doses of radiation, affecting critical organs such as the thyroid.

Aim

To evaluate the discrepancies in ionizing radiation received by the thyroid during PR examinations using anthropomorphic paediatric simulators built from computed tomography images.

Design

Two anthropomorphic paediatric phantoms were printed and used, representing children aged 6 and 11 years, with an opening in the thyroid region for the insertion of dosimetric radiographic films. The simulators were subjected to different pre‐existing protocols in the PR devices. The radiographic films were processed and analysed using a luxmeter.

Results

The radiation dose to the thyroid was higher in the 6‐year‐old phantom than in the 11‐year‐old phantom, for given exposure factors. In addition, there was an increase in dose in children's protocols compared with small adult protocols.

Conclusion

Therefore, companies that develop PR equipment must develop child protocols for separate age groups that will consequently reduce the radiation dose in children, especially in their critical organs.

• Book : 35(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.129-135
• Keyword :