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This study on the negative-order fractional space-time modified KdV (nfmKdV)
equation provides a comprehensive analysis of how fractional differentials
affect the dynamics of solitons in non-linear wave models. We are referring
to introduces the nfmKdV equation, a significant extension of the
traditional KdV equation, which is commonly used to model wave propagation
in non-linear dispersive media. By developing both focusing and defocusing
solutions and employing the Hirota technique to construct multisoliton
solutions, the study opens new avenues for the exploration of fractional
wave equations in diverse physical contexts. The use of fractional
calculus, and specifically negative-order derivatives, enhances the model?s
ability to describe real-world phenomena with long-range interactions and
memory effects, offering significant potential for future research in
non-linear and fractional dynamics. This newly established result warrants
further investigation determine its applicability to other non-linear
fractional order models, and other existing methods may be employed to
explore this new development. As the fractional order approaches one, the
results align with well-established findings in the literature. This study
provides a deeper understanding of the dynamics of solitons in fractional
media, which could be useful for modelling soliton propagation in systems
where traditional integer-order models fail to capture essential behavior.- Book : 29(1 Part A)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.359-370
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2025
The wave functions of converted harmonic-oscillator in local scaling transformations are employed to evaluate charge distributions and elastic charge electron scattering form structures for 6,7Li, 9Be, 14,15N and 16O nuclei. The nuclear shell-model was fulfilled using Warburton-Brown psd-shell (WBP) interaction with truncation in model space. Very good agreements with the experimental data were obtained for the aforementioned quantities. - Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.423-432
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2025
Dust growth is often indirectly inferred observationally in star-forming environments, is theoretically predicted to produce millimetre-sized particles in circumstellar discs, and has also acted on the predecessors of the terrestrial meteoritic record. For those reasons, it is believed that young gas giants under formation in protoplanetary discs that have putative circumplanetary discs (CPDs) surrounding them, such as PDS 70c, should contain millimetre-sized particles. We modelled the spectra of a set of CPDs, which we obtained from radiation hydrodynamic simulations at varying Rosseland opacities, κ_ R. The κ_ R from the hydrodynamic simulations are matched with consistent opacity sets of an interstellar-medium-like composition, but grown to larger sizes Our high κ_ R hydro data nominally corresponds to 10 μm-sized particles, and our low κ_ R cases correspond to millimetre-sized particles. We investigated the resulting broad spectral features at first, while keeping the overall optical depth in the planetary envelope constant. Dust growth to size distributions dominated by millimetre particles generally results in broad, featureless spectra with black-body like slopes in the far-infrared, while size distributions dominated by small dust develop steeper slopes in the far-infrared and maintain some features stemming from individual minerals. We find that significant dust growth from microns to millimetres can explain the broad features of the PDS 70c data, when upscaling the dust masses from our simulations by one hundred times. Furthermore, our results indicate that the spectral range of 30-500 μm is an ideal hunting ground for broadband features arising from the CPD, but that longer wavelengths observed with ALMA can also be used for massive CPDs.- Book : ()
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2025
A Nanobeam X-ray Experiments (NXE) instrument was developed and installed at the hard X-ray beamline of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser. This instrument consists of a diagnostic system, focusing optics, an X-ray diffraction endstation and a femtosecond laser delivery system. The NXE instrument enables sophisticated X-ray experiments using nanofocused X-rays. At a 9.5 keV X-ray energy, the beam was successfully focused to 390 nm × 230 nm at the focal plane using Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors. Following the successful commissioning experiments in December 2021 and April 2022, the instrument became available for regular user experiments in January 2023. The first user experiment was conducted in January 2024. This article provides detailed information on the beamline optics, the NXE instrument, and its performance and capabilities.- Book : 32(2)
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2025
Abstract
The origin and authenticity of artifacts unearthed outside controlled archaeological excavations pose challenges for archaeologists, especially when they do not fit established patterns in the archaeological record. This article presents a detailed analysis of a stone stela discovered in non-professional circumstances on the Great Hungarian Plain. The stela’s engraved design, previously unknown in the regional archaeological record, closely resembles that of a slab in the Gavrinis passage grave in Bretagne, France. In addition to the provenance of the rock, our investigations specifically focused on the identification of the find context and the authenticity of the engravings. The results thus far support the engravings’ authenticity and suggest that the stela was removed from a Yamnaya kurgan and repurposed several millennia later. We argue that the Kevermes stela testifies to complex dynamics of long-distance mobility and cultural exchange in Europe during the late fourth and the first half of the third millennium BC.- Book : 11(1)
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2025
Methylene blue (MB) has antioxidant properties, yet its role in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) remains unexplored. This study investigates MB’s effects and underlying regulatory mechanisms in an HCA rat model. Rats received an intravenous bolus of MB (1 mg/kg) 15 min before HCA induction. Physiological parameters were monitored, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected 2 h postoperatively to assess total protein levels, inflammatory cells, and cytokines. Histopathological lung damage was evaluated using hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and TUNEL staining. Inflammatory markers and oxidative stress indicators were measured via ELISA and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) were isolated to analyze polarization using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence double staining. Pyroptosis in AMs was detected with Yo-Pro-1 and Hoechst 33342 staining. Additionally, Western blotting was performed to examine the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and pyroptosis-related proteins. Following HCA, rats exhibited significant blood gas abnormalities, structural lung damage, increased pathological scores, and higher apoptosis rates. However, MB mitigated these effects, improving physiological parameters and reducing lung histopathology scores. MB also lowered proinflammatory cytokine levels, increased SOD and GSH-Px activity, promoted AM polarization toward the M2 phenotype, and decreased pyroptosis. Mechanistically, MB activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway while inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Notably, Nrf2 inhibitors and NLRP3 agonists weakened MB’s protective effects by promoting inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, whereas Nrf2 agonists and NLRP3 inhibitors enhanced MB’s beneficial impact. In conclusion, MB attenuates HCA-induced ALI by modulating AM polarization and pyroptosis via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition.- Book : ()
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