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  • 2025

    Abstract Background Amino acid PET using the tracer O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) is one of the most reliable imaging methods for detecting glioma recurrence. Here, we hypothesized that functional MR connectivity between the metabolic active recurrent tumor region and resting-state networks of the brain could serve as a prognostic imaging biomarker for overall survival (OS). Methods The study included 82 patients (26-81 years; median ECOG performance score, 0) with recurrent gliomas following therapy (WHO-CNS 2021 grade 4 glioblastoma, n=57; grade 3 or 4 astrocytoma, n=12; grade 2 or 3 oligodendroglioma, n=13) diagnosed by FET PET simultaneously acquired with functional resting-state MR. Functional connectivity (FC) was assessed between tumor regions and seven canonical resting-state networks. Results WHO tumor grade and IDH mutation status were strong predictors of OS after recurrence (p<0.001). Overall FC between tumor regions and networks was highest in oligodendrogliomas and was inversely related to tumor grade (p=0.031). FC between the tumor region and the dorsal attention network was associated with longer OS (HR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.80-0.97; p=0.007), and showed an independent association with OS (HR, 0.90; 95%CI, 0.81-0.99; p=0.033) in a model including clinical factors, tumor volume and MGMT. In the glioblastoma subgroup, tumor volume and FC between tumor and the visual network (HR, 0.90; 95%CI, 0.82-0.99, p=0.031) were independent predictors of survival. Conclusion Recurrent gliomas exhibit significant FC to resting-state networks of the brain. Besides tumor type and grade, high FC between the tumor and distinct networks could serve as independent prognostic factors for improved OS in these patients.
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  • 2025


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    • Pub. Date : 2025
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  • 2025

    Abstract The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi is native to the Atlantic coasts of the Americas and is considered a threat to biodiversity and food webs in recipient ecosystems. Most of these invasive ctenophores perish during the cold winter in temperate northern European waters (North and Baltic Seas) but spread again every summer/autumn. We collected ctenophores from the southern North Sea, inner Danish waters, and western Baltic Sea in 2017 and 2018, and sequenced genomic DNA obtained from tissue samples. We obtained sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2, and the intervening 5.8S fragment and partial fragments of the flanking 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes from nuclear DNA. Excluding the rRNA regions and focussing on only the two ITS sequences, we compared with ITS sequences archived in databases from specimens in its native (Northwest Atlantic) and other invaded habitats (Caspian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, central-western Atlantic Ocean). The comparison revealed no significant difference in genetic variation among temperate northern European sampling locations but showed variation when compared with native and other invaded habitats. No significant genetic difference was identified between specimens collected in the temperate northern European waters for two consecutive years. The very low interregional and interannual genetic variations in M. leidyi specimens in the Northeast Atlantic are consistent with the presence of one single panmictic population in northern European waters and with the hypothesis, also suggested in previous studies, that annual dispersal from the southeastern North Sea into the western Baltic Sea can be traced back to the same population, which most likely originates every spring from the Dutch Wadden Sea and the English Channel.
    • Book : 27(2)
    • Pub. Date : 2025
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  • 2025


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    • Pub. Date : 2025
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  • 2025

    AbstractAs the severity of climate change and its associated impacts continue to worsen, schemes for artificially cooling surface temperatures via planetary albedo modification are being studied. The method with the most attention in the literature is stratospheric sulfate aerosol intervention (SAI). Placing reflective aerosols in the stratosphere would have profound impacts on the entire Earth system, with potentially far‐reaching societal impacts. How global crop productivity would be affected by such an intervention strategy is still uncertain, and existing evidence is based on theoretical experiments or isolated modeling studies that use crop models missing key processes associated with SAI that affect plant growth, development, and ultimately yield. Here, we utilize three global gridded process‐based crop models to better understand the potential impacts of one SAI scenario on global maize productivity. Two of the crop models that simulate diffuse radiation fertilization show similar, yet small increases in global maize productivity from increased diffuse radiation. Three crop models show diverse responses to the same climate perturbation from SAI relative to the reference future climate change scenario. We find that future SAI implementation relative to a climate change scenario benefits global maize productivity ranging between 0% and 11% depending on the crop model. These production increases are attributed to reduced surface temperatures and higher fractions of diffuse radiation. The range across model outcomes highlights the need for more systematic multi‐model ensemble assessments using multiple climate model forcings under different SAI scenarios.
    • Book : 13(2)
    • Pub. Date : 2025
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  • 2025

    In modern society, a wide variety of electronic devices, such as those linked to Wi-Fi routers and power outlets, emit significant electromagnetic radiation. This radiation poses risks not only to human and animal health but also to data security, potentially serving as a source of sensitive information leakage. While short-term exposure to low-frequency radiation typically does not result in adverse effects, prolonged exposure has been associated with various health issues, including depression, nausea, anxiety, headaches, and, in some cases, miscarriages in women. The best solution to protect human from radiation is to cover human body with electromagnetic shielded textile fabrics. Author developed five different mesh-knitted structures and compared their properties with a plain single jersey structure. The purpose of developing mesh knitted fabric is to create curtains that can block or lessen electromagnetic radiation while still allowing light and air to pass through. Composite yarn containing stainless steel wire and carbon fiber was used. Fabric construction was carried out using a fully automatic flat knitting machine. The MH3 and MH5 mesh knitted structures were newly invented. The results showed that the MH3 mesh knitted structure exhibited the highest EMI SE among all the mesh knitted fabrics. The plain single jersey fabric (PJ0) included for the comparison with mesh knitted structures and it exhibited the highest value of electromagnetic interference shielding and UPF rating.
    • Book : 20()
    • Pub. Date : 2025
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  • 2025

    Experimental validation of laser intensity is particularly important for the study of fundamental physics at extremely high intensities. However, reliable diagnosis of the focal spot and peak intensity faces huge challenges. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that the coherent radiation farfield patterns from laser–foil interactions can serve as an in situ, real-time, and easy-to-implement diagnostic for an ultraintense laser focus. The laser-driven electron sheets, curved by the spatially varying laser field and leaving the targets at nearly the speed of light, produce doughnut-shaped patterns depending on the shapes of the focal spot and the absolute laser intensities. Assisted by particle-in-cell simulations, we can achieve measurements of the intensity and the focal spot, and provide immediate feedback to optimize the focal spots for extremely high intensity.
    • Book : 10(2)
    • Pub. Date : 2025
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  • 2025

    Background/Objectives: Overexpressed in various solid tumors, the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is a promising target for cancer diagnosis and therapy. However, the high pancreas uptake of the current clinically evaluated GRPR-targeted radiopharmaceuticals limits their applications. In this study, we replaced the Pro14 residue in our previously reported GRPR-targeted LW02056 and ProBOMB5 with 4,4-difluoroproline (diF-Pro) to obtain an agonist LW02060 (DOTA-Pip-[D-Phe6,Tle10,NMe-His12,diF-Pro14]Bombesin(6–14)) and an antagonist LW02080 (DOTA-Pip-[D-Phe6,NMe-Gly11,Leu13(ψ)diF-Pro14]Bombesin(6–14)), respectively. Methods/Results: The binding affinities (Ki) of Ga-LW02060, Ga-LW02080, Lu-LW02060, and Lu-LW02080 were measured by in vitro competition binding assays using PC-3 cells and were found to be 5.57 ± 2.47, 21.7 ± 6.69, 8.00 ± 2.61, and 32.1 ± 8.14 nM, respectively. The 68Ga- and 177Lu-labeled ligands were obtained in 36–75% decay-corrected radiochemical yields with >95% radiochemical purity. PET imaging, SPECT imaging, and ex vivo biodistribution studies were conducted in PC-3 tumor-bearing mice. Both [68Ga]Ga-LW02060 and [68Ga]Ga-LW02080 enabled clear tumor visualization in PET images at 1 h post-injection (pi). Tumor uptake values of [68Ga]Ga-LW02060 and [68Ga]Ga-LW02080 at 1 h pi were 16.8 ± 2.70 and 7.36 ± 1.33 %ID/g, respectively, while their pancreas uptake values were 3.12 ± 0.89 and 0.38 ± 0.04 %ID/g, respectively. Compared to [177Lu]Lu-LW02080, [177Lu]Lu-LW02060 showed higher tumor uptake at all time points (1, 4, 24, 72, and 120 h pi). However, fast tumor clearance was observed for both [177Lu]Lu-LW02060 and [177Lu]Lu-LW02080. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that [68Ga]Ga-LW02060 is promising for clinical translation for the detection of GRPR-expressing tumor lesions. However, further optimizations are needed for [177Lu]Lu-LW02060 and [177Lu]Lu-LW02080 to prolong tumor retention for therapeutic applications.
    • Book : 18(2)
    • Pub. Date : 2025
    • Page : pp.234-234
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  • 2025

    본 논문은 일본 고도성장기(1955~1972)에 제작된 특수촬영 영화 <고질라> 시리즈를 중심으로 괴수를 다루는 영화적 상상력과 전후 일본의 집단적 기억과 정체성 변용과의 관계를 고찰하고 있다. 1954년에 개봉된 영화 《고질라》는 핵실험으로 깨어난 ‘수폭괴수’ 고질라를 통해 전쟁과 피폭의 기억, 그리고 냉전 시대의 폭력적 위협을 알레고리적으로 담아냈다. 이 영화에서 고질라는 일본의 도시를 유린하는 무시무시한 존재로 그려졌으며, 고질라를 물리치며 스스로 목숨을 버린 과학자 세리자와의 자기희생적 결단은 폭력의 연쇄를 거부하는 메시지를 전달하고 있다. 즉, 이 영화는 냉전 시기 미소의 핵 무기 경쟁과 전쟁 위협에 대한 일본인의 불안을 반영하며, 그것에 대한 대안적 담론으로 ‘평화주의’를 강조하고 있다. 그러나 1960년대 이후 <고질라> 영화는 괴수 간의 대결을 중심으로 한 서바이벌 장르로 변화했다. 이 시기의 고질라는 일본을 침략하는 외부 괴수들로부터 도시를 보호하는 수호자 역할을 부여받았으며, 점차 친근하고 귀여운 이미지로 재구성되었다. 이러한 변화는 대중 소비사회의 발전과 관객층의 저연령화에 부응한 상업적 전략의 결과였다. 동시에 이것은 전쟁에 대한 불안이 약해지고 그 결과 평화주의에 대한 강력한 지지가 대세를 형성하는 시대적 분위기 속에서 폭력의 표현에 대한 더 큰 자유를 원하는 심정이 낳은 결과이기도 했다. 특히 고질라는 수폭괴수의 아이덴티티에서 벗어나고 피폭의 기억에서 점차 분리됨으로써 현실적 대응물과 연결되지 않은 소위 시뮬라크르로 변모했다. 본 논문은 이러한 고질라의 변화가 단순히 영화적 트렌드의 변화를 넘어, 전후 일본사회의 기억 재구성과 문화적 정체성의 변화를 상징적으로 보여주는 사건이라고 주장한다. 1950년대 고질라가냉전기 폭력과 전쟁의 기억을 알레고리적으로 드러냈다면, 1960년대 이후의 고질라는 폭력의 유희화를 통해 관객의 흥미를 유도하며 현실과는 분리된 쾌락의 대상이자 유희의 상징이 되었다. 그리고 이런 변용은 냉전의 위협이 편재했던 1950년대를 ‘전후 속 전시’로 타자화하고, 이에 대해 1960년대를 ‘전후 속 전후’로 의미화하는 방식으로 전후라는 시간을 재편하려 했던 당대의 집합적 의지를 배경으로 하고 있었다.
    • Pub. Date : 2025
    • Page : pp.210-243
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  • 2025

    Two extensions of the variational method with explicit energy functionals (EEFs) with respect to the spin-orbit force were performed. In this method, the energy per nucleon of nuclear matter is explicitly expressed as a functional of various two-body distribution functions, starting from realistic nuclear forces. The energy was then minimized by solving the Euler–Lagrange equation for the distribution functions derived from the EEF. In the first extension, an EEF of symmetric nuclear matter at zero temperature was constructed using the two-body central, tensor, and spin-orbit nuclear forces. The energy per nucleon calculated using the Argonne v8’ two-body nuclear potential was found to be lower than those calculated using other many-body methods, implying that the energy contribution caused by the spin-orbit correlation, whose relative orbital angular momentum operator acts on other correlations, is necessary. In a subsequent extension, the EEF of neutron matter at zero temperature, including the spin-orbit force, was extended to neutron matter at finite temperatures using the method by Schmidt and Pandharipande. The thermodynamic quantities of neutron matter calculated using the Argonne v8’ nuclear potential were found to be reasonable and self-consistent.
    • Book : 8(1)
    • Pub. Date : 2025
    • Page : pp.11-11
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