• Book : 41(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.5
• Keyword :

• Book : 197()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.112429
• Keyword :

• Book : 1053()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.122976
• Keyword :

• Book : 215()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.111587
• Keyword :

Abstract

Husbands' labour migration has ramifications for significant family members, particularly wives left behind. However, limited studies have been conducted to examine the impacts of husbands' migration on women left behind married to international and internal migrants. Drawing on a purposive sampling survey of 298 Ghanaian women (international = 129 and internal = 169) in the Volta Region, we assessed their subjective wellbeing using three dimensions: self‐reported health, self‐reported satisfaction with life, and self‐reported happiness. The results from t‐tests show that on average, international women left behind have higher perceived health (3.72), perceived happiness (3.82) and satisfaction with life (3.19). Results from the multivariable binary logistic regression analyses reveal that while no variables predict self‐reported health for international women left behind, high frequency of communication is statistically associated with internal women left behind self‐assessed health. International women left behind who lived in nuclear households and internal women left behind who reported high wealth quintiles were both statistically associated with satisfaction with life, respectively. While demographic factors (age and duration of marriage) were significant predictors of happiness for international women left behind, neighbourhood type and frequency of communication predicted happiness for internal women left behind. The differences in variables predicting each of the subjective wellbeing dimensions demonstrate the concept's multidimensionality. It also highlights factors influencing subjective wellbeing outcomes of women left behind are not solely due to their husbands' migration. The policy implications of this study are highlighted.

• Book : 31(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e2858
• Keyword :

Background

Thyroid eye disease (TED), particularly its sight‐threatening complication, dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON), profoundly impacts patients' visual health. The pathological changes in the white matter (WM) fibers within the intracranial visual pathway in TED have been infrequently studied. Understanding these changes holds crucial importance for exploring the pathogenesis and prognosis of TED.

Purpose

To utilize fixel‐based analysis (FBA) to clarify the type of microstructural damage occurring in the visual pathway in TED.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

28 TED with DON patients (11 males and 17 females), 28 TED without DON (non‐DON) patients (12 males and 16 females), and 28 healthy controls (HCs) (12 males and 16 females).

Field Strength/Sequence

3 T; multishell diffusion MRI using echo planar imaging.

Assessment

Fiber density (FD) and fiber‐bundle cross‐section (FC) were calculated to characterize WM microstructural alteration in TED visual pathway. The correlations between FBA metrics and visual field index and mean deviation were examined.

Statistical Tests

One‐way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, t‐tests, Mann-Whitney U, Chi‐square, and Pearson correlation, were conducted with false discovery rate and family wise error corrections. Significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results

Both DON and non‐DON groups showed significant FD loss in the right optic tract compared with HCs, with DON patients experiencing more severe FD loss. Only DON patients had FD loss in the right optic radiation (OR) compared with the non‐DON patients and HCs, with no FC difference across groups. FD in DON patients' ORs significantly correlated with visual field index (r = 0.857) and mean deviation (r = 0.751).

Data Conclusion

Both DON and non‐DON affect the WM microstructure of the visual pathway to varying extents. Visual field metrics can reflect the severity of FD damage to the OR in the visual pathway of DON patients.

Evidence Level

2.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3.

• Book : 61(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.337-346
• Keyword :

• Book : 61(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.450-451
• Keyword :

Background

Prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) can change management in a large fraction of patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (BCR).

Purpose

To investigate the added value of PET to MRI and CT for this patient group, and to explore whether the choice of the PET paired modality (PET/MRI vs. PET/CT) impacts detection rates and clinical management.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

41 patients with BCR (median age [range]: 68 [55-78]).

Field Strength/Sequence

3T, including T1‐weighted gradient echo (GRE), T2‐weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced GRE sequences, diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging, and a T1‐weighted TSE spine sequence. In addition to MRI, [¹⁸F]PSMA‐1007 PET and low‐dose CT were acquired on the same day.

Assessment

Images were reported using a five‐point Likert scale by two teams each consisting of a radiologist and a nuclear medicine physician. The radiologist performed a reading using CT and MRI data and a joint reading between radiologist and nuclear medicine physician was performed using MRI, CT, and PET from either PET/MRI or PET/CT.

Findings were presented to an oncologist to create intended treatment plans. Intrareader and interreader agreement analysis was performed.

Statistical Tests

McNemar test, Cohen's κ, and intraclass correlation coefficients. A P‐value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results

7 patients had positive findings on MRI and CT, 22 patients on joint reading with PET/CT, and 18 patients joint reading with PET/MRI. For overall positivity, interreader agreement was poor for MR and CT (κ = 0.36) and almost perfect with addition of PET (PET/CT κ = 0.85, PET/MRI κ = 0.85). The addition of PET from PET/CT and PET/MRI changed intended treatment in 20 and 18 patients, respectively. Between joint readings, intended treatment was different for eight patients.

Data Conclusion

The addition of [¹⁸F]PSMA‐1007 PET/MRI or PET/CT to MRI and CT may increase detection rates, could reduce interreader variability, and may change intended treatment in half of patients with BCR.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3

• Book : 61(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.466-477
• Keyword :

Abstract

BACKGROUND

One‐stage hydroconversion of fatty‐acid based feedstocks is a promising way to obtain high‐quality fuels. This process is based on hydrodeoxygenation, isomerization and hydrocracking reactions. In this work, Ni2P/Al2O3‐zeolite catalysts were synthesized and tested in hydroconversion of a model compound - methyl palmitate.

RESULTS

Ni2P catalysts were prepared by in situ phosphidation of metallic Ni/Al2O3‐zeolite precursors by PPh3. Mixtures of zeolite (30 wt%) and boehmite were peptized and extruded to obtain the support granules. SAPO‐11, ZSM‐5, ZSM‐22, ZSM‐23 and ZSM‐12 were used as a zeolite component. The catalysts and supports were characterized by a range of physicochemical methods: chemical analysis (ICP‐AES), low‐temperature N2 adsorption, H2‐temperature programmed reduction, NH3‐temperature programmed desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed CO, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ²⁷Al and ³¹P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. The catalysts were studied in methyl palmitate hydroconversion (one‐stage hydrodeoxygenation‐isomerization‐hydrocracking) in a continuous‐flow fixed bed reactor at 290-340 °C, 2 MPa, H2/feed = 600 Ncm³/cm³ and LHSV = 5.3 h⁻¹. SAPO‐11 containing sample showed high selectivity to C15 and C16 iso‐alkanes (63%, at 340 °C), and all ZSM‐containing samples showed high selectivity to cracked C5-C9 products (55-100%, at 340 °C) with varying amounts of iso‐alkanes (31-57%, at 340 °C).

CONCLUSION

The results show that by choosing the zeolite component of the catalyst it is possible to finely tune product quality in the range from low‐temperature diesel fuel to jet fuel or gasoline. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

• Book : 100(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.215-230
• Keyword :

In recent years, magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has emerged as a promising imaging technique depicting high sensitivity and spatial resolution. It originated in the early 2000s where it proposed a new approach to challenge the low spatial resolution achieved by using relaxometry in order to measure the magnetic fields. MPI presents 2D and 3D images with high temporal resolution, non‐ionizing radiation, and optimal visual contrast due to its lack of background tissue signal. Traditionally, the images were reconstructed by the conversion of signal from the induced voltage by generating system matrix and X‐space based methods. Because image reconstruction and analyses play an integral role in obtaining precise information from MPI signals, newer artificial intelligence‐based methods are continuously being researched and developed upon. In this work, we summarize and review the significance and employment of machine learning and deep learning models for applications with MPI and the potential they hold for the future.

Level of Evidence

5

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1

• Book : 61(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.42-51
• Keyword :