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2025
Large, ground-mounted photovoltaic solar projects (GPVs) are expanding rapidly worldwide, driven by their essential role in climate change mitigation and the transition to a low-carbon economy. With the global market for tracking systems projected to increase annually by 32% in capacity by 2050, understanding their ecological impacts, including those from their operation and management (O&M), is critical but understudied. This study presents the first comprehensive evaluation of microclimate and vegetation mosaics within a conventional, single-axis GPV managed through regular mowing. In the state of California’s Great Central Valley (United States), we developed a novel experimental framework to characterize five distinct “micro-patches” that capture the full spectrum of microclimate and vegetation zones modulated by the tracking PV system and O&M. Over a 12-month period, we monitored nine above- and belowground microclimate variables and 16 plant ecology metrics across these micro-patches. Beneath PV panels, photosynthetically active radiation decreased by 89%, and wind speed slowed by 46%, while open spaces within the GPV footprint exhibited greater soil surface temperatures (+2.4°C) and accelerated moisture loss (+8.5%) during drought periods. Furthermore, PV panel rotation influenced shading patterns throughout the day, creating temporal variability in air temperature and vapor pressure deficit. Plant surveys identified 37 species, 86% of which were non-native. Marked differences in vegetation across micro-patches indicated that GPVs drive changes in plant community composition, structure, and productivity. Compared to open spaces, vegetation near and within the PV array footprint displayed greater species richness (+8.4%), taller maximum height (+21%), reduced coverage of sun-loving plants (−71%), and less dead biomass accumulation (−26%), from shade-driven effects. These findings suggest the consideration of micro-patch-specific maintenance strategies and nature-based solutions to control invasive, exotic plant species, conferring opportunities to enhance operational, ecological, and socioeconomic sustainability while redressing the twin crises of climate change and biodiversity loss simultaneously.- Book : 6()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.101899-101899
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2025
The quantum tunneling processes related to the black hole determine the black hole thermodynamics. The Hawking temperature is determined by the quantum tunneling processes of radiation of particles from the black hole. On the other hand, the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy of the black hole is obtained by consideration of the macroscopic quantum tunneling processes of splitting of black hole to the smaller black holes. These tunneling processes also determine the composition rule for the black hole entropy, which coincides with the composition rule for the non-extensive Tsallis–Cirto δ = 2 entropy. This composition rule suggests that the mass spectrum of the black hole is equidistant, M = NM
0. Here N is an integer number and M
0 =
$$\sqrt 2 $$
m
P is the mass quantum expressed via the reduced Planck mass m
P. The Bekenstein–Hawking entropy of the black hole with mass M = NM
0 is S
BH(N) = N
2.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
ObjectiveAccurate preoperative evaluation of rectal cancer lung metastases (RCLM) is critical for implementing precise medicine. While artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been successful in detecting liver and lymph node metastases using magnetic resonance (MR) images, research on lung metastases is still limited. Utilizing MR images to classify RCLM could potentially reduce ionizing radiation exposure and the costs associated with chest CT in patients without metastases. This study aims to develop and validate a transformer-based deep learning (DL) model based on pelvic MR images, integrated with clinical features, to predict RCLM.MethodsA total of 819 patients with histologically confirmed rectal cancer who underwent preoperative pelvis MRI and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) tests were enrolled. Six state-of-the-art DL methods (Resnet18, EfficientNetb0, MobileNet, ShuffleNet, DenseNet, and our transformer-based model) were trained and tested on T2WI and DWI to predict RCLM. The predictive performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsOur transformer-based DL model achieved impressive results in the independent test set, with an AUC of 83.74% (95% CI, 72.60%-92.83%), a sensitivity of 80.00%, a specificity of 78.79%, and an accuracy of 79.01%. Specifically, for stage T4 and N2 rectal cancer cases, the model achieved AUCs of 96.67% (95% CI, 87.14%-100%, 93.33% sensitivity, 89.04% specificity, 94.74% accuracy), and 96.83% (95% CI, 88.67%-100%, 100% sensitivity, 83.33% specificity, 88.00% accuracy) respectively, in predicting RCLM. Our DL model showed a better predictive performance than other state-of-the-art DL methods.ConclusionThe superior performance demonstrates the potential of our work for predicting RCLM, suggesting its potential assistance in personalized treatment and follow-up plans.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare intracranial tumors arising from remnants of Rathke’s pouch. Despite their benign histology, CPs present considerable clinical challenges due to their tendency to exert mass effect and adherence to critical neurovascular structures. There remains no clear consensus on the most effective management of CPs. We explore the latest developments in targeted treatment approaches, examining how innovations in surgery, radiation therapy, and emerging therapies are improving outcomes and management for these challenging tumors. In addition to providing our experience, we reviewed previously reported case series and reviews relevant to CPs. Studies show a bimodal age distribution for CP diagnosis, with peak incidence occurring in children aged 5–14 years and in adults aged 50–74 years. Surgical resection is the typical initial treatment for CPs, and adjuncts, including radiation therapy and intracavitary treatments, have been proven effective for tumor control. Additionally, genetic mutations associated with CPs offer an opportunity for novel strategies that address the underlying molecular mechanisms driving tumor growth through targeting the Wnt/β-catenin and/or MAPK/ERK pathways to disrupt the aberrant signaling that promotes tumor proliferation and survival. Survival rates for CPs are generally favorable (five-year survival of 80%), with recent studies showing improved outcomes and higher survival rates in children. CPs remain rare and challenging tumors. Although surgical resection is the main treatment, surgeons must weigh the benefits of achieving a gross total resection with the risks of iatrogenic injury. Adjuncts, including intracavitary and radiation treatments, may assist with subtotal resections and recurrences, as well as approved BRAF inhibitor therapy for the papillary variant. Many improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic methods were made after Dr. Cushing coined the term “craniopharyngioma”. Ongoing experiments, investigations, and advances in radiation techniques and molecular targeted therapies will provide patients with promise for safer and more effective treatments.- Book : 14(4)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.1101-1101
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2025
Magnesium and its alloys are widely used for bone fixation and repair due to their biodegradability. However, their application is limited due to their poor corrosion resistance and rapid degradation rate in the human body. Surface engineering represents an effective approach to modifying the degradation characteristics of magnesium alloys to meet the requirements of biological systems. Constructing bioactive coatings on the surface of substrates is essential to improve their biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, representing an effective method of surface modification. This review summarizes the current research on the construction of bioactive coatings on magnesium and its alloys, including inorganic coatings, polymer coatings, and composite coatings, which presents an analysis of their respective research statuses. Furthermore, this review discusses the future developments of biodegradable magnesium and its alloy systems, focusing on achieving satisfactory specifications for clinical trials and implementation. Its goal is to provide critical insights to materials scientists and clinical practitioners involved in the development of applicable biodegradable magnesium alloys.- Book : 15(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.191-191
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2025
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most lethal subtype of renal cancer, and its treatment options remain limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover therapeutic agents for ccRCC treatment. Here, we demonstrate that dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an approved medication for multiple sclerosis [1] and psoriasis, can inhibit the proliferation of ccRCC cells. Mechanistically, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1B), a transcription factor highly expressed in ccRCC, is succinated by DMF at cysteine residues, leading to its proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, HNF1B interacts with and stabilizes Yes-associated protein (YAP), thus DMF-mediated HNF1B degradation decreases YAP protein level and the expression of its target genes, resulting in the suppression of ccRCC cell proliferation. Importantly, oral administration of DMF sensitizes ccRCC to sunitinib treatment and enhances its efficacy in mice. In summary, we provide evidences supporting DMF as a potential drug for clinical treatment of ccRCC by targeting HNF1B and reveal a previously unrecognized role of HNF1B in regulating YAP in ccRCC.- Book : 16(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : 1012()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.116825-116825
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.1-28
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2025
- Book : 42(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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