Given the importance of nuclear power as low carbon energy source, this study conducted techno-economic evaluation of flexible use (baseload as well as load-following) of small modular reactors (SMRs) in an electric grid. The load-following operation of SMR (SMART-100) was restricted to the use of variable T-avg control, a least disruptive and cost minimizing method of load follow control. A system model was developed to describe the reactivity feedback effects of coolant temperature variations due to electric demand-based turbine load changes. Using the system model, conservative output ranges and maximum ramp rates that allow load-following operation without violating axial offset limits were derived. Assuming the introduction of SMR in Jeju Island in South Korea, a semi-independent grid region, with highly dependency on fossil fuel energy and power imports along with significant renewable energy generation (15–20 %), as a test case, this study evaluated the economic contribution of SMR using LPM to minimize the grid electricity generation costs. The results indicate that in regions with a high penetration of renewable energy in their grid systems, flexible energy generation of SMR can make a significant contribution in reducing electricity generation cost and carbon emissions.

• Book : 57(4)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.3-30
• Keyword :

This paper presents a method for simulating an infinite radiation-contaminated field based on finite element analysis, which has been designed to meet the experimental requirements for unmanned airborne vehicle radiation detection in nuclear emergency scenarios. Based on the principle of radiation field superposition, the infinite surface sources are divided into finite elements, and an equivalent model is established with point sources and finite element surface sources. By arranging the finite point sources in accordance with the coordinate distribution calculated by the model, the response of the airborne radiation detector to the finite element surface sources and the corresponding point sources is consistent when the activities of the finite point sources and the corresponding finite element surface sources are identical. Based on the proposed equivalent model, an airborne gamma artificial radioactive field simulation device is designed, and physical validation experiments are carried out using two-dimensional and three-dimensional infinite surface sources. Two experimental results have showed that the maximum relative deviations between the infinite surface and the equivalent model in the full energy peak counts are 1.67 % and 2.62 %, respectively. The equivalent model proposed in this paper can accurately simulate nuclear radiation-contaminated fields with arbitrary activity and terrain distribution.

• Book : 57(4)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.265-274
• Keyword :

ABSTRACTEvolutionary transitions in water column usage have played a major role in shaping ray‐finned fish diversity. However, the extent to which vision‐associated trait complexity and water column usage is coupled remains unclear. Here we investigated the relationship between depth niche, eye size, and the molecular basis of light detection across the Antarctic notothenioid adaptive radiation. Integrating a phylogenetic comparative framework with data on eye size and depth occupancy, we provide support for an acceleration in the rate of eye size diversification nearly 20 million years after the initial radiation. Our results further reveal that levels of eye size divergence are often highest between closely related taxa. We further analyzed opsin tuning site sequences and found changes representing repeated instances of independent tuning site changes across the notothenioid phylogeny that are generally not associated with habitat depth or species eye size. Collectively, our results strongly support that multiple evolutionary pathways underlie the diversification of visual adaptations in this iconic adaptive radiation.

• Book : 15(3)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

• Book : 45()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.102610-102610
• Keyword :

The article presents the research of the efficiency of the modernized directional ultrasonic disk radiators equipped with reflectors, phase-aligning cones and horns. Using the experimental setup consisting of two directional ultrasonic radiators operating at a close resonant frequency, the data for constructing the radiation patterns, determining the acoustic power and calculating the linear attenuation were obtained. It was found that the reflectors allow to increase the sound pressure of the radiator array by 3.5 dB, providing the angle of the main lobe of the radiation pattern within ±7.5 degrees. The installation of phase-aligning cones not only cut off the oscillations in antiphase, but also increased the resulting sound pressure by 9 dB. It was noted that with the simultaneous operation of two directional ultrasonic radiators, a region of difference frequency beats with the angle of the main lobe of the radiation pattern of ±10 degrees and the maximum sound pressure of 97.6 dB is formed.

• Book : 321()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.03003-03003
• Keyword :

The desire to penetrate into the mechanism of phenomena occurring in the luminous flame of methane from a gas engine, to answer many unclear questions, to obtain any generalized results requires clarifying the effect of soot dispersion and its concentration on the radiation (optical) properties of the flame using theoretical research. At the same time, the complexity of sampling soot from a methane flame creates certain conditions for assumptions about the possibility of spreading the spectral characteristics of massive carbon to soot in a flame. The paper presents studies on a number of carbon formation phenomena, taking into account data on the dispersion and concentration of soot, which can serve as the basis for obtaining more or less universal patterns for luminous flames. The issues considered in the paper are analyzed using the provisions of modern theories, taking into account experimental work performed using some particular results of the theory of a cloudy medium.

• Book : 321()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.01005-01005
• Keyword :

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe investigated mental health diagnoses (MHDs) in mycosis fungoides (MF) patients compared to the general population, evaluated risk factors, and studied survival outcomes in a large population database.MethodsMF patients from the Utah Cancer Registry diagnosed from 2001 to 2014 were matched with up to five general population individuals from the Utah Population Database. MHDs were retrospectively tracked in both populations (median follow‐up = 6.67 years). Risk factors for new MHDs among MF patients were studied using the Cox proportional hazards model. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsThe incidence of anxiety disorders (HR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.16, 3.42]) and delirium/dementia disorders (HR = 2.43, 95% CI [1.05, 5.63]) was higher among MF patients than the matched general population. Among MF patients, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ≥ 2 and BMI < 18 kg/m2 were risk factors for new anxiety disorders. Radiation therapy, CCI ≥ 2, and female gender were risk factors for new delirium/dementia disorders. The 15‐year OS was worse for MF patients with versus without an MHD (36% vs. 81%, HR 2.62, 95%CI [1.24, 5.65]). The 15‐year DSS also worsened for MF patients with versus without an MHD (63% vs. 97%, HR 6.55, 95%CI [1.64, 26.2]).ConclusionsMF patients developed anxiety and delirium/dementia disorders at rates above the general population, and MHDs correlated with worse DSS and OS. Careful mental health monitoring may be an actionable step towards improving health‐related quality of life in this population.

• Book : 14(5)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

This study aims to develop a VR-based quantum physics laboratory to visualize quantum physics phenomena and support more interactive and efficient learning. The research method follows the stages of needs analysis, design and development, and implementation. The needs analysis stage involved 97 students to gather information about the challenges in quantum physics learning.The needs analysis results showed that quantum physics was a difficult subject to understand due to its abstract nature, and there was a need for media that could help students understand the material through simulations and experiments in a virtual environment. The design and development stage produced scenarios and storyboards encompassing all the necessary elements for VR implementation. During the implementation stage, the design was realized in the form of a VR laboratory presenting various quantum physics experiments, including black body radiation, the Compton effect, the photoelectric effect, and X-ray production. The results of the implementation of the use of VR through validity testing and practicality tests obtained a score of 0.92 in the valid category and 92.25% in the very practical category. This research contributes to supporting the availability of quantum physics experimental equipment in schools and makes it easier for students to understand abstract quantum physics concepts through interesting virtual interactivity. The VR-based quantum physics laboratory was successfully developed as an innovative solution for quantum physics learning. Future research suggests that VR can be developed for other learning areas and that further studies explore the effects of VR on skills and health.

• Book : 9(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.342-342
• Keyword :

• Book : 43()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.101917-101917
• Keyword :

Abstract Laminar magnetohydrodynamics film flows in an open channel of arbitrary electrical conductivity under the influence of a transverse magnetic field are investigated. The effects of the magnetic field, channel conductivity, and channel width on current and velocity distributions are discussed. The present research establishes quantitative scaling law for the magnetic field’s impact on the film thickness, utilizing Fourier eigenfunction series and comprehensive physical modeling. The scaling law is validated through direct numerical simulation results and experimental data, which accounts for factors that influence the film thickness, including the Reynolds number (volume flow rate), channel inclined angle, and magnetic field strength. Additionally, the physical mechanism governing the three-dimensional evolution of magnetohydrodynamics films is explored, which finds that a strong magnetic field introduces a Lorentz separation eddy and destabilizes the initially stable, flat film. The present investigations will contribute to the design of flowing liquid metal plasma facing components in tokamak fusion reactors.

• Book : 65(4)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.046015-046015
• Keyword :