• Book : 56(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.101772
• Keyword :

• Book : 37()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.103630
• Keyword :

• Book : 56(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.101770
• Keyword :

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202502000-00032/figure1/v/2024-11-07T113602Z/r/image-tiff

Invasive inflammation and excessive scar formation are the main reasons for the difficulty in repairing nervous tissue after spinal cord injury. Microglia and astrocytes play key roles in the spinal cord injury micro-environment and share a close interaction. However, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, we found that after spinal cord injury, resting microglia (M0) were polarized into pro-inflammatory phenotypes (MG1 and MG3), while resting astrocytes were polarized into reactive and scar-forming phenotypes. The expression of growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6) and its receptor Axl were significantly down-regulated in microglia and astrocytes after spinal cord injury. In vitro experiments showed that Gas6 had negative effects on the polarization of reactive astrocytes and pro-inflammatory microglia, and even inhibited the cross-regulation between them. We further demonstrated that Gas6 can inhibit the polarization of reactive astrocytes by suppressing the activation of the Yes-associated protein signaling pathway. This, in turn, inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia by suppressing the activation of the nuclear factor-κB/p65 and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways. In vivo experiments showed that Gas6 inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia and reactive astrocytes in the injured spinal cord, thereby promoting tissue repair and motor function recovery. Overall, Gas6 may play a role in the treatment of spinal cord injury. It can inhibit the inflammatory pathway of microglia and polarization of astrocytes, attenuate the interaction between microglia and astrocytes in the inflammatory microenvironment, and thereby alleviate local inflammation and reduce scar formation in the spinal cord.

• Book : 20(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.557-573
• Keyword :

Background:

Cyphostemma cyphopetalum is a herbaceous climber species within the Vitaceae family, found in various tropical and subtropical regions of Africa. It has a history of traditional use in Ethiopia for treating various health issues in humans and livestock, includ-ing snake bites, rabies, and eczema. Despite its reported ethnomedicinal uses, there is a lack of sufficient scientific literature regarding the isolation and characterization of its bioactive chem-ical compounds.

Objective:

The objective of this work was to isolate bioactive compounds from the leaves of Cyphostemma cyphopetalum, characterize their chemical structures using FTIR and NMR spec-troscopy, and evaluate their antimicrobial activities.

Methods:

Isolation was done using column chromatographic separation techniques. Spectro-scopic techniques, including Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance, were used for functional group identification and structural elucidation. Moreover, the paper disc dif-fusion bioassay method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the isolated bioactive compounds.

Results:

Three fractions were successfully isolated using chloroform with dichloromethane and chloroform with ethyl acetate as eluting solvents and silica gel as a stationary phase. After careful interpretation of the experimental results and comparison with the literature, the isolated fractions were constituted mainly by stigmasterol (fraction 1), β-sitosterol (fraction 2), and trans-resveratrol (fraction 3). The antibacterial activities of each isolated fraction were tested against Ralstonia solanacearum, a gram-negative bacterium, and Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive bacterial pathogen.

:

Comparatively, the highest mean inhibitory value of 10.03 ± 0.13 mm was exhibited by fraction 2, which was followed by 6.25 ± 0.05 mm inhibition activity recorded for fraction 1 against R. solanacearum, while fraction 3 did not exhibit any bacterial activity against both the strains.

Conclusion:

We have successfully isolated and characterized three compounds (1-3) from leaves of C. cyphopetalum and evaluated their antibacterial activity. A maximum mean inhibi-tory value of 10.03 ± 0.13 mm was exhibited by compound 2 against R. solanacearum.

• Book : 23(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e030624230597
• Keyword :

• Book : 140()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.104144
• Keyword :

• Book : 521(p1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.113531
• Keyword :

• Book : 6()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.100391
• Keyword :

• Book : 258(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.124647
• Keyword :

• Book : 258(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.124640
• Keyword :