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Crushed salt as backfill material in a repository for high-level nuclear waste is aimed to act as a long-term barrier. The sealing effect of crushed salt evolves with ongoing compaction and therefore reduction in porosity and permeability. For a reliable prognosis of the compaction behavior in the long-term, constitutive models are crucial that capture the experimentally observed processes and credibly extrapolate these processes outside the range they were calibrated in. Up to now there is still no constitutive model for crushed salt which is validated against all factors/processes influencing compaction and/or the whole porosity range (especially φ < 5%). The constitutive model for crushed salt compaction available in CODE_BRIGHT has been used in the field of repository research for several years. It has been applied in recent research projects on crushed salt compaction, where shortcomings in the modelling of compaction behaviour in dependence on mean stress and deviatoric stress variations are identified. Based on this discovered potential for improvement an approach for the modification of the constitutive model is proposed within this paper. It addresses the assumption of an idealized geometry and network of grains which is introduced by mathematically constraint functions dependent on void ratio. The proposed approach aims to give more flexibility in the handling of geometry dependence. The paper comprises an introduction into the use of crushed salt in the context of nuclear waste repository. The description of the constitutive model for crushed salt available in CODE_BRIGHT is given, as well as, the proposal for improvement and its application. It is finished with a sensitivity study for the new approach followed by a summary and outlook.- Book : ()
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ABSTRACTGlioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and recurrent brain cancer characterized by diffuse metastasis at the tumor margins. Radiation therapy is a standard component of current treatment and offers potential for improved patient outcomes. While radiation therapy targets GBM cells in the tumor margins, it may also significantly damage adjacent non-cancerous tissues, leading to reduced quality of life and potentially creating a tumor-supportive microenvironment. The perivascular niche (PVN) in the tumor margins is believed to play a significant role in regulating the glioblastoma stem cell subpopulation as well as serving as a site for cancer recurrence and migration. Understanding the impact of radiation on the PVN can better inform radiation schemes and improve our understanding of GBM recurrence, but is difficultin vivo. Here we adapt a previously developed three-dimensional hydrogel model of the brain perivascular niche to investigate the impact of radiation dosage and delivery rate on perivascular niche propertiesin vitro. Effects of radiation on vessel architecture can be measured in this hydrogel-based model, suggesting an approach that can provide insight into the effects of radiation on a shorter time scale relative toin vivoexperiments.IMPACT STATEMENTGlioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and recurrent brain cancer characterized by diffuse metastasis at the tumor margins. The perivascular niche (PVN) in the tumor margins plays a significant role in GBM progression and is a target for radiation therapy. We report a method to use three-dimensional hydrogel models of the brain perivascular niche to benchmark the impact of radiation dosage and delivery rate on perivascular niche propertiesin vitro. This approach provides new insight into the effects of radiation on a shorter time scale relative toin vivoexperiments.- Book : ()
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2025
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