• Book : 860()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.139140
• Keyword :

• Book : 378(pa)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.124836
• Keyword :

• Book : 1053()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.122962
• Keyword :

• Book : 181()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.107347
• Keyword :

Abstract

Affordable, accurate, and robust temporal measurement devices are desirable for screening and assessment of radon levels in private homes and workplaces. This research expands upon prior research, using the RadonFTlab RadonEye device through a comparison of multiple samples of this instrument with a laboratory-grade instrument, the Saphymo AlphaGUARD, over a more extensive period than reported previously. Data were collected over 291 d in a poorly ventilated basement space in an occupied building. Environmental conditions varied naturally, changing both the radon source term and radon entry into the space approximating typically deployed conditions. The R-squared linear regression correlation coefficient and relative sensitivities of each RadonEye with the AlphaGUARD were computed. Overall temporal and diurnal variations were also studied. The sensitivities of all RadonEyes and the AlphaGUARD agreed to within 22% throughout the entire deployment period.

• Book : 128(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.60-65
• Keyword :

• Book : 559()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.165579
• Keyword :

The brain-related phenotypes observed in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) patients are highly variable, and their origin is poorly understood. Changes in brain metabolism might contribute to these phenotypes, as many of the deleted genes are involved in metabolic processes, but this is unknown. This study shows for the first time thatTbx1haploinsufficiency causes brain metabolic imbalance. We studied two mouse models of 22q11.2DS using mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and transcriptomics. We found thatTbx1^+/−mice andDf1/⁺mice, with a multigenic deletion that includesTbx1, have elevated brain methylmalonic acid, which is highly brain-toxic. Focusing onTbx1mutants, we found that they also have a more general brain metabolomic imbalance that affects key metabolic pathways, such as glutamine-glutamate and fatty acid metabolism. We provide transcriptomic evidence of a genotype-vitamin B12 treatment interaction. In addition, vitamin B12 treatment rescued a behavioural anomaly inTbx1^+/−mice. Further studies will be required to establish whether the specific metabolites affected byTbx1haploinsufficiency are potential biomarkers of brain disease status in 22q11.2DS patients.

• Book : 8(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e202403075
• Keyword :

Abstract

Advanced Tokamak (AT) scenarios are attractive candidates for future nuclear fusion power plants. These scenarios often feature peaked temperature profiles, suggesting a local reduction of turbulent transport. The mechanisms behind this are, as yet, not fully understood. Parameters that are thought to be connected to these transport reductions include the q-profile and the E × B-shear $ \omega _{ E \times B } $. Another parameter considered to be important is the fast ion content, which can reduce transport in multiple different ways. This work presents AT experiments performed at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak (AUG) in which these three parameters are varied to investigate their respective effect on the observed peaked ion temperature profiles. To disentangle potentially competing effects, simulations using the codes GENE and TGLF have been performed. It is found that the E × B-shear does not play a role in the AT scenarios performed at AUG, which have relatively low rotation, with $ v_{ \mathrm{tor} } = 100 - 250 $km h⁻¹. Experimentally, a significant dependence of [FORMULA OMISSION] on the electron cyclotron current drive settings was found, indicating that either the current profile (and, therefore, the q-profile) or [FORMULA OMISSION] has a significant impact on the observed suppression of turbulent transport. In support of the first option, both GENE and TGLF show a q-profile dependence of [FORMULA OMISSION]. Furthermore, according to GENE, electromagnetic (EM) fast ion effects are essential in reproducing the experimental results. Scans with TGLF (which does not include such effects), suggest that these fast ion effects become relevant above a threshold of [FORMULA OMISSION] 4-5. In the presence of ICRF, additional electrostatic (ES) fast ion effects seem to come into effect, according to GENE, albeit to a smaller degree than the EM effects.

• Book : 65(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.016024
• Keyword :

Abstract

To reliably predict the distribution of heat and particle fluxes at the target plates of tokamaks, a comprehensive understanding of turbulence throughout the entire Scrape-Off-Layer (SOL) is imperative. This study examines divertor turbulence systematically across a broad parameter range on the TCV tokamak, including variations in magnetic field direction, plasma current $ I_{ \mathrm{p} } \in [ 140 , 320 ] $ kA, edge safety factor $ q_{ 95 } \in [ 2.6 , 4.7 ] $ and Greenwald fraction $ f_{ \mathrm{G} } \in [ 0.18 , 0.6 ] $. The TCV X-point Gas Puff Imaging (GPI) system is used to measure 2D filament properties in the inner and outer divertor region. The fluctuation levels in the divertor are found to strongly increase with density (to 80% over most of the SOL) while remaining insensitive to $ I_{ \mathrm{p} } $. The previously identified divertor-localized filaments (DLF), located on the bad curvature side of the outer divertor leg, are found to be a common feature on TCV, while no filaments are observed in the PFR. DLFs are present over most of the parameter space and in both field directions. However, they are absent, or appear only closer to the target, for sufficiently large $ \Uplambda _{ \mathrm{div} } \gtrsim 10 $ or $ q_{ 95 } \gtrsim 3.7 $. Across both $ I_{ \mathrm{p} } $ and $ f_{ \mathrm{G} } $ scans, some clear trends with $ \Uplambda _{ \mathrm{div} } $ are found for divertor filament sizes and velocities, and with target fall-off lengths of density and heat flux profiles at the outer target. This study provides important experimental insights to turbulent transport in the divertor also for comparison with self-consistent, turbulence simulations and extrapolation to future reactor conditions.

• Book : 65(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.016011
• Keyword :

• Book : 18(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.101204
• Keyword :