Abstract:

Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis (MMTVT) is a rare neoplasm comprising <3% of all cases of malignant mesothelioma (MM). MMTVT derives from the tunica vaginalis testis, an outpouching of the mesothelial-lined abdominal peritoneum that detaches from the abdominal cavity after the descent of the testis. Similar to pleural mesothelioma, asbestos exposure is a known risk factor. However, MMTVT has a better prognosis than pleural mesothelioma. Cutaneous metastases from MMTVT are exceedingly rare. Herein, we describe a case of a 67-year-old man with a history of asbestos exposure presenting with scrotal pain and indurated plaques on his lower abdomen and scrotum. Histologic sections showed a sheet-like dermal proliferation comprising epithelioid cells with necrosis and increased mitotic activity. The clinical and histologic differential diagnosis was broad, including metastatic carcinoma, melanoma, sarcoma, germ cell tumor, hematologic malignancy, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and malignant mesothelioma. By immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells were positive for WT1, D2-40, and AE1/AE3, with rare positivity for calretinin, consistent with a diagnosis of mesothelioma. Additional immunohistochemical studies provided no support for the other diagnostic considerations listed above. BAP1 showed retained nuclear expression (normal) by immunohistochemistry. A DNA sequencing panel identified copy number losses in CDKN2A, MTAP, CDKN2B, and NF2, which are frequently identified genetic alterations in malignant mesothelioma. Subsequent testicular imaging demonstrated a diffusely thickened scrotal wall with an enlarged left testicle. Overall, this represents a case of malignant mesothelioma presenting with cutaneous metastases to the scrotum and lower abdomen, with clinical and imaging features suggestive of primary MMTVT. The International Mesothelioma Interest Group recommends using at least 2 mesothelial markers, such as calretinin, WT1, CK5/6 or D2-40, and 2 epithelial markers, such as claudin-4, CEA, MOC-31, as well as a broad-spectrum cytokeratin stain (AE1/AE3) as part of an initial immunohistochemical panel. Metastatic mesothelioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of malignant epithelioid dermal tumors with unusual staining patterns.

• Book : 47(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e6-e11
• Keyword :

• Book : 50()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.100891
• Keyword :

Abstract

Subtropical mode waters are important water masses influencing the regional and global climate. By tracing water masses from the mixed layer into the deeper ocean in late winter, we identified the newly-subducted North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (NPSTMW) and therefore investigated its temperature changes. The temperature of newly-subducted NPSTMW showed significant warming during 1981-1999, but the warming was suppressed during 1999-2017. The newly-subducted NPSTMW temperature generally agreed with the March-April mixed layer temperature in the subduction region, but was half a degree lower. A mixed layer heat budget analysis indicates that the suppressed warming was caused by the combination of reduced warming effects of shortwave radiation due to the deepened mixed layer, strengthening of sea surface latent heat loss due to the warmer sea surface and enhanced cooling effects of vertical entrainment due to the strengthened subsurface stratification in the subduction region. Our results imply that the oceanic response to global warming can exert a cooling effect on the newly-subducted NPSTMW through these three mechanisms. The shift in trends of the newly-subducted NPSTMW temperature has important implications for the climate variabilities and the marine ecosystem in the North Pacific.

• Book : 20(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.014002
• Keyword :

• Book : 50()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.100886
• Keyword :

Abstract

This study implements the comparative study of Casson and Williamson nanofluids by considering the impacts of linear thermal radiation and inclined magnetohydrodynamics. Here, we employ graphs to compare the variables affecting the behavior of non‐Newtonian and Newtonian fluids for a range of physical and dimensionless parameter values. The flow's coupled equations, which contain multiple independent variables, these equations can then be changed into a single independent variable by adding similarity variables and can be solved by applying the shooting method. The effects of thermomigration and Brownian motion on nonlinear flow equations are graphically examined. For an array of radiation parameter values, we have observed that the Newtonian fluid's concentration is lesser than that of both the non‐Newtonian fluids and also noticed that Newtonian fluids converge a little sooner than Casson and Williamson fluids. The primary innovation is shown in Table 1, where the mass transfer and heat transfer values are contrasted with the limiting circumstances of previous research findings that are documented in the literature.

• Book : 54(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.145-166
• Keyword :

• Book : 1071()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.170079
• Keyword :

Abstract

This paper investigates the magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow between two non-parallel walls, consisting of Cu − Ag nanoparticles suspended in H2O as the base fluid, which stretch or shrink under the influence of heat transfer with a heat source/sink. This analysis considers the impact of thermal radiation and porous media on the velocity and temperature profiles. The analysis is relevant in engineering applications such as cooling systems, lubrication, and advanced material manufacturing where precise heat and flow control are crucial. The nanoparticle volume fraction is modeled as an uncertain parameter, using Gaussian and triangular fuzzy numbers, specifically GFN(0.025, 0.01, 0.01) and TFN(0, 0.025, 0.05). A double parametric approach for fuzzy numbers, along with the homotopy method, is employed to investigate the uncertain effects of key physical parameters such as the stretching/shrinking parameter, Reynolds number, magnetic parameter, Darcy number, Eckert number, radiation parameter, and the volume fraction of nanoparticles on the fuzzy velocity and temperature profiles of the hybrid nanofluid flow in convergent and divergent channels. The numerical results are validated through experimentation, demonstrating strong agreement in both the crisp and uncertain scenarios using triangular and Gaussian fuzzy senses, and showing consistency with previously established findings.

• Book : 100(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.015233
• Keyword :

Abstract

Alena Tensor is a recently discovered class of energy-momentum tensors that provides mathematical framework in which, as demonstrated in previous publications, the description of a physical system in curved spacetime and its description in flat spacetime with fields are equivalent. The description of a system with electromagnetic field based on Alena Tensor can be used to reconcile physical descriptions. (1) In curvilinear description, Einstein Field equations were obtained with Cosmological Constant related to the invariant of the electromagnetic field tensor, which can be interpreted as negative pressure of vacuum, filled with electromagnetic field. (2) In classical description for flat spacetime, three densities of four-forces were obtained: electromagnetic, against gravity (counteraction to gravitational free-fall), and the force responsible for the Abraham-Lorentz effect (radiation reaction force). Obtained connection of Einstein tensor with gravity and radiation reaction force, after transition to curvilinear description, excludes black hole singularities. There was obtained Lagrangian density and generalized canonical four-momentum, containing electromagnetic four-potential and a term responsible for the other two forces. In this description charged particles cannot remain at complete rest and should have spin, their energy results from the existence of energy of magnetic moment and the density of this energy is part of the Poynting four-vector. The distribution of charged matter was expressed as polarization-magnetization stress-energy tensor, what may explain why gravity is invisible in QED. 3) In quantum picture, QED Lagrangian density simplification was obtained, and the Dirac, Schrödinger and Klein-Gordon equations may be considered as approximations of the obtained quantum solution. Farther use of Alena Tensor in unification applications was also discussed.

• Book : 100(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.015018
• Keyword :

• Book : 242(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.115890
• Keyword :

• Book : 266()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.120470
• Keyword :