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2025
Background/Objectives: Many patients evaluated by shoulder specialists suffer from intractable pain, neuropathy, and weakness. The pectoralis minor (PM) remains the only scapula muscle to receive lower trunk (C8-T1) input. We propose a novel, unifying musculoskeletal and neurologic syndrome: the Human Disharmony Loop. This model portrays how this unique PM innervation causes scapular dyskinesia which deranges the anatomy of the upper limb girdle and produces a refractory symptom complex of pain, neuropathy, and weakness. Methods: Ten patients of diverse etiologies presented with a similar constellation of complaints. Patients included: female athlete, female with macromastia, male bodybuilder, post-radiation breast cancer, postoperative shoulder arthroplasty, interscalene block injury, cervical spine disease, persistent impingement after rotator cuff repair, direct traction injury, and occupational disorder. All patients exhibited coracoid tenderness, scapula protraction with internal rotation and anterior tilt, and pain involving the neck, shoulder, and upper back. Patients demonstrated varying degrees of arm neuropathy, subacromial impingement, occipital headaches. Patients failed all prior treatments by multiple subspecialists including surgery. Each patient underwent isolated open PM tenotomy. Results: PM tenotomy completely resolved presenting signs and symptoms in all patients. This included elimination of shoulder, upper back, and neck pain, clearance of concomitant neuropathy, resolution of rotator cuff impingement, restoration of full motion, and eradication of headaches. Response to surgery was rapid, dramatic, and durable. Conclusions: The unique asymmetric neurologic innervation to the sole ventral stabilizer of the scapula, the pectoralis minor, predisposes the human shoulder to neurologic and musculoskeletal imbalance. This produces the Human Disharmony Loop: a clinical syndrome spanning the neck to the fingertips of chronic pain, neuropathy, and weakness. These challenging patients may benefit dramatically from isolated PM tenotomy.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Abstract
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and acts as the primary barrier to protect the body. Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs), which are specifically distributed in epidermal tissues, play a crucial role in skin immune surveillance and wound healing. DETCs are one of the most important components of the epidermis and exert a steady-state monitoring function, facilitating wound healing and tissue regeneration after skin injury. Skin wounds are often linked to other pathological conditions such as ageing, ultraviolet radiation, and metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and obesity. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate how DETCs regulate themselves and the external environment during these pathological states. DETCs interact closely with keratinocytes in the epidermis, and this intercellular interaction may be essential for maintaining health and integrity. In this review, we focus on the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of DETCs in maintaining epidermal homeostasis and re-epithelialization in different pathological states.- Book : 13()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : 37(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.497-497
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2025
Abstract
A recent experiment showed that a Cherenkov radiation
spectrum from thin radiators with a wavelength-dependent refractive
index could transform into quasi-monochromatic spectral
lines. Simulations based on the standard Geant4 toolkit could not
correctly describe the experimental results because Geant4 uses the
traditional Frank-Tamm theory developed for an ideal (infinitely
thick) radiator. Because of that, we endeavor to present a new way
of utilizing Cherenkov radiation using newly developed Geant4 models
and comparing simulation results with the experimental ones. Now,
one can analyze quasi-monochromatic Cherenkov spectral lines using
Geant4, which is a significant milestone for investigating the
possibilities of this technique. Also, this paper should be used as
a text to help people understand the Cherenkov process in Geant4 and
what one can expect from various models.- Book : 20(02)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.P02008-P02008
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2025
Canonically, a protoplanetary disk is thought to undergo (gravito-)viscous evolution wherein the angular momentum of the accreting material is transported outward. However, several lines of reasoning suggest that the turbulent viscosity in a typical protoplanetary disk is insufficient to drive the observed accretion rates. An emerging paradigm suggests that radially extended magnetic disk winds, which transport angular momentum vertically, may play a crucial role in disk evolution. We propose a global model of magnetic wind-driven accretion for the evolution of protoplanetary disks in the thin-disk limit based on the insights gained from local shearing box simulations. In this paper, we aim to develop this model and constrain the model parameters with the help of theoretical expectations and through comparison with observations. The magnetic wind is characterized with the associated loss of angular momentum and mass, and we modeled these with fitting formulae that depend on the local disk conditions and stellar properties. We incorporated the disk winds self-consistently in the numerical magnetohydrodynamic code FEOSAD and studied the formation and long-term evolution of protoplanetary disks. We included disk self-gravity and an adaptive turbulent α that depends on the local ionization balance, while the co-evolution of a two-part dusty component was also considered. We obtained synthetic observations via detailed modeling with the radiation thermo-chemical code ProDiMo The models that include disk winds satisfy the general expectations from both theory and observations. The disk wind parameters can be guided by observational constraints, and the synthetic observations resulting from such a model compare favorably with the selected ALMA survey data of Class II disks. The proposed magnetic disk wind model is a significant step forward in the direction of representing a more complete disk evolution, wherein the disk experiences concurrent torques from viscous, gravitational, and magnetic wind processes.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in cancer development and progression, and comprises various cellular and non-cellular components that interact with tumor cells. Tenascin-C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is widely expressed in the cancer stroma and influences critical processes, such as cell adhesion, migration, and immune modulation. This review examines the multifaceted roles of TNC in different TMEs, including the mechanical, immune, and metabolic microenvironments, as well as the radiation microenvironment (RME). In the context of the mechanical microenvironment, TNC actively participates in extracellular matrix remodeling, thereby facilitating tumor invasion. Notably, TNC exhibits immunosuppressive effects on T cells and promotes the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells within the immune microenvironment. Furthermore, TNC is implicated in the tumor hypoxia response, glucose metabolism reprogramming, and regulation of pH balance, underscoring its role in the metabolic microenvironment. Intriguingly, TNC also influences radiosensitivity within RME. This review also explores the potential of TNC as a biomarker for cancer prognosis and as a target for therapeutic interventions. By integrating recent advances in single-cell sequencing and spatial omics, we propose innovative strategies for leveraging TNC in personalized cancer therapy. Future research directions are discussed, focusing on distinct isoforms of TNC, their interaction networks, and their roles in radiotherapy efficacy. This comprehensive analysis underscores the importance of TNC in understanding tumor dynamics and improving cancer treatment outcomes.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Aim. To study of oxidative processes in testicular tissues after gamma irradiation. Material and methods. Using the polarographic method, the rate of oxygen absorption on endogenous and exogenous substrates (Vend, Vsuc, Vglu, Vdnf) and with specific inhibitors of tissue respiration of amytal and sodium malonate (Vam, Vmal) in testicular tissues at different times (3, 10, 40 days) after total single gamma irradiation (1.0 Gr). Results. It was found that, in the testicular tissues of rats at different times (3rd, 10th, 40th day) after total single gamma irradiation (1.0 Gy). In the early period (72 hours) after irradiation, (Vend) decreased by 14.7 % (p < 0.05), (Vsuc) by 18.6 % (p < 0.05) and (Vglu) by 10.9 % (p < 0.05) compared with the control. After 10 days, on the contrary, there was an increase in (Vend) by 108.2 % (p < 0.05), in the presence of exogenous succinate and glutamate substrates, increased (Vsuc) by 45.1 % (p < 0.05) and (Vglu) by 112 % (p < 0.05), SDdnf decreased by 12.8 % (p < 0.05), and with inhibitors, low-resistance respiration (MRD) increased by 9.4 % (p < 0.05). On day 40 (Vend, Vsuc, Vglu) increased by 120.7 % (p < 0.05), 124.8 % (p < 0.05) and 97.1 % (p < 0.05), respectively, SDdnf decreased by 11.5 % (p < 0.001), amytal resistant respiration (ARD) by 30.6 % (p < 0.05) and MRD by 11.7 % (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Increased oxygen uptake was accompanied by a significant decrease in SDdnf in both experimental groups (10th and 40th days), which suggested the threat of disconnection of oxidation and phosphorylation processes. A decrease in MPD also indicates a decrease in the contribution of fatty acids (FA) to the energy supply of testicular tissue.- Book : 14(6)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.17-23
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2025
Abstract
The dysregulation of YAP activity is implicated in abnormal organ size and the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, including cancer. However, the functional regulation of YAP activity by lncRNA-encoded peptides remains elusive. In this study, we report the identification of a small protein (93 aa) encoded by the lncRNA LINC01315. This small protein, termed YAPer-ORF, preferentially interacted with GNAQ/11 mutants to augment YAP activity. Mechanistically, YAPer-ORF was located in the nucleus and competed with YAP to bind the nuclear kinase PRP4K to hinder YAP phosphorylation. This decreased phosphorylation of YAP by YAPer-ORF promoted YAP retention in the nucleus and facilitated the expression of downstream target genes such as CCND1. In both cancerous and noncancerous models, YAPer-ORF prominently drove cell proliferation in a CCND1-dependent manner. Notably, cardiac-specific genetic knock-in of the human YAPer-ORF in mice significantly increased heart size through increased cardiomyocyte proliferation, underscoring the role of YAPer-ORF in cell proliferation. Moreover, treatment with an anti-YAPer-ORF neutralizing antibody effectively suppressed uveal melanoma growth, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting YAPer-ORF. These findings collectively establish YAPer-ORF as a critical regulator of YAP activity, further highlighting the disruption of YAPer-ORF activity as a potential therapeutic strategy against YAP-driven human cancers and developmental diseases.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
A Nanobeam X-ray Experiments (NXE) instrument was developed and installed at the hard X-ray beamline of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser. This instrument consists of a diagnostic system, focusing optics, an X-ray diffraction endstation and a femtosecond laser delivery system. The NXE instrument enables sophisticated X-ray experiments using nanofocused X-rays. At a 9.5 keV X-ray energy, the beam was successfully focused to 390 nm × 230 nm at the focal plane using Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors. Following the successful commissioning experiments in December 2021 and April 2022, the instrument became available for regular user experiments in January 2023. The first user experiment was conducted in January 2024. This article provides detailed information on the beamline optics, the NXE instrument, and its performance and capabilities.- Book : 32(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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